有奖中英文一句话互译活动

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困难气道的定义是：具有五年以上临床麻醉经验的麻醉科医师在面罩通气时遇到了困难（上呼吸道梗阻），或气管插管时遇到了困难，或两者兼有的一种临床情况。
The definition of difficult spirit way is:Have for more than five years the clinical anaesthesia is empirical anaesthesia doctor Ke met a difficulty(up breath way block) when the mask ventilates, or the windpipe met a difficulty while putting a tube, or both and a kind of clinical circumstance for having.
出处：中华医学会麻醉学分会《困难气道管理专家意见》

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1. General Anesthesia

1．　全身麻醉

Induction of General Anesthesia General anesthesia can be induced by giving drugs intravenously, by inhalation, or by a combination of both methods.

全身麻醉的诱导　经静脉、吸入或两种方式联合给药都能诱导全身麻醉。

A Rapid-Sequence Induction: Anesthesia is most commonly induced by the method of rapid-sequence induction, in which rapid administration of an ultra-short-acting barbiturate (e.g., thiopental) is followed by a depolarizing muscle relaxant (e.g., succinylcholine). This allows anesthesia to be induced within 30 seconds and the trachea to be intubated within 60-90 seconds. Oxygen is usually given by mask beforehand to allow maximum time for intubation while the patient is apneic. A non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking drug (e.g., vecuronium, atracurium, or pancuronium) can be substituted for succinylcholine, but the onset of paralysis is delayed by about 60 seconds.

A. 快速序贯诱导：诱导麻醉最常用的是快速序贯诱导方法，应用此法时先快速给予超短时作用的巴比妥（如硫贲妥钠），接着给去极化的肌肉松弛剂（如琥珀胆碱）。这样能在30秒钟内诱导麻醉，60－90秒钟内行气管插管。通常事先给予面罩吸氧，使患者在呼吸暂停的时间达最大限度，可用以插管。可以用非去极化的神经肌肉阻滞剂（如维可罗宁、卡肌宁或潘可罗宁）代替琥珀胆碱，但麻醉的出现将延迟60秒钟。
出处：医学全在线

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最好的期盼，最坏的打算。The best hope,the worst.

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Ohm's law: Pressure (i.e., blood pressure) = flow (i.e., cardiac output) resistance
Organ blood flow = (mean arterial pressure [MAP]rgan venous pressure)/organ vascular resistance
Ohm's定律：压力（如血压）=血流（如：心排血量）×阻力
器官血流=【平均动脉压（MAP）-器官静脉压】/器官血管阻力

出处：麻省临床麻醉学

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困难气道的定义是：具有五年以上临床麻醉经验的麻醉科医师在面罩通气时遇到了困难（上呼吸道梗阻），或气管插管时遇到了困难，或两者兼有的一种临床情况。
The definition of difficult spirit way is:Have for more than five years the clinical anaesthesia is empirical anaesthesia doctor Ke met a difficulty(up breath way block) when the mask ventilates, or the windpipe met a difficulty while putting a tube, or both and a kind of clinical circumstance for having.
出处：中华医学会麻醉学分会《困难气道管理专家意见》

ggg520

困难气道的定义是：具有五年以上临床麻醉经验的麻醉科医师在面罩通气时遇到了困难（上呼吸道梗阻），或气管插管时遇到了困难，或两者兼有的一种临床情况。
The definition of difficult spirit way is:Have for more than five years the clinical anaesthesia is empirical anaesthesia doctor Ke met a difficulty(up breath way block) when the mask ventilates, or the windpipe met a difficulty while putting a tube, or both and a kind of clinical circumstance for having.
出处：中华医学会麻醉学分会《困难气道管理专家意见》

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Anesthetic drugs tend to be highly bound to protein in plasma and highly bound to lipid in peripheral tissues.
麻醉药品往往是高度肯定的血浆蛋白和高度的约束外周组织的脂质。。

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困难气道(difficult airway)的定义(definition)是：具有五年以上临床麻醉经验(clinical anaesthetic experience)的麻醉科医师(anaesthesiologist)在面罩通气(facemask ventilation)时遇到了困难（上呼吸道梗阻)(Upper airway obstruction)，或气管插管(tracheal intubation)时遇到了困难，或两者兼有的一种临床情况(clinical condition)。

比较通顺的译法建议如下:
The definition of difficult airway is : A clinical condition where an anesthesiologist with more than five years of clinical anaesthetic experience , having difficulty in maintaining face mask ventilation( upper airway obstruction ) ,or having difficulty in tracheal intubation, or having difficulty in both .出处：中华医学会麻醉学分会《困难气道管理专家意见

sss520

困难气道(difficult airway)的定义(definition)是：具有五年以上临床麻醉经验(clinical anaesthetic experience)的麻醉科医师(anaesthesiologist)在面罩通气(facemask ventilation)时遇到了困难（上呼吸道梗阻)(Upper airway obstruction)，或气管插管(tracheal intubation)时遇到了困难，或两者兼有的一种临床情况(clinical condition)。

比较通顺的译法建议如下:
The definition of difficult airway is : A clinical condition where an anesthesiologist with more than five years of clinical anaesthetic experience , having difficulty in maintaining face mask ventilation( upper airway obstruction ) ,or having difficulty in tracheal intubation, or having difficulty in both

出处：中华医学会麻醉学分会《困难气道管理专家意见

sss520

困难气道(difficult airway)的定义(definition)是：具有五年以上临床麻醉经验(clinical anaesthetic experience)的麻醉科医师(anaesthesiologist)在面罩通气(facemask ventilation)时遇到了困难（上呼吸道梗阻)(Upper airway obstruction)，或气管插管(tracheal intubation)时遇到了困难，或两者兼有的一种临床情况(clinical condition)。

比较通顺的译法建议如下:
The definition of difficult airway is : A clinical condition where an anesthesiologist with more than five years of clinical anaesthetic experience , having difficulty in maintaining face mask ventilation( upper airway obstruction ) ,or having difficulty in tracheal intubation, or having difficulty in both .

出处：中华医学会麻醉学分会    困难气道管理专家意见

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Despite careful assessment ,unexpected airway problem can occur .
即使经过小心的评估,预想不到的气道处理问题还是会发生.

Oxford handbook of anesthesia. page 872 , Management of the unexpected difficult airway

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Despite careful assessment ,unexpected airway problem can occur .
即使经过小心的评估,预想不到的气道处理问题还是会发生.

Oxford handbook of anesthesia. page 872 , Management of the unexpected difficult airway