Differential diagnosis of shock in trauma
Differential diagnosis of shock in traumaI. Low CVP
A. Hypovolemia
1. Hemorrhage
a. External (compressible)
i. Lacerations
ii. Contusions
iii. Fractures (partly compressible)
b. Internal (noncompressible)
i. Intrathoracic
ii. Intraperitoneal
iii. Retroperitoneal (partly compressible)
c. Fractures (partly compressible)
2. Third spacing (eg, burns)
B. Neurogenic (high cervical cord injury)
II. High CVP
A. Pericardial tamponade
B. Tension pneumothorax
C. Myocardial contusion
III. Other diagnoses to consider
A. Pharmacologic or toxicologic agents
B. Myocardial infarction (severe)
C. Diaphragmatic rupture with herniation
D. Fat or air embolism
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