实用技术 | 连续脊髓麻醉技术要点(中英双语对照)
引 言
脊髓麻醉与全身麻醉相比,对循环和呼吸系统的影响更小,其带来的好处清单正不断拉长。然而,单次脊髓麻醉在某些情况下存在不足,如果局麻药剂量过小,麻醉效果可能无法满足手术需求;反之,剂量过大时,会发生右室前负荷下降,心输出量下降,严重的低血压等。由于患者对鞘内局麻药的反应存在差异,我们不能明确地知道多少剂量最为合适。连续脊髓麻醉可以弥补这些不足。在本期视频中,我们将介绍连续脊髓麻醉的基本原理,并展示我们如何让连续脊麻成为安全有效的麻醉技术。
https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1DL4y1W7nG?spm_id_from=333.999.0.0连续脊髓麻醉(脊髓导管技术 中英双语字幕)
翻译:李娜 校对:房丽丽 浙江大学医学院附属第二医院麻醉手术部
图1
The patient can be positioned either sitting or lateral. Check frequently for CSF to appear. There's no need to attach a loss-resistant syringe we're going to be passing right through the epidural space. You may feel a pop or give as you pass through the ligamentum flavum endura.
患者可以摆成坐位或侧卧位。反复检查脑脊液是否出现。即将通过硬膜外腔时,不需要连接注射器测试阻力消失,可能会在穿过黄韧带时有突破感或嘭的感觉。
图2
Do your best to stab the flow of CSF with your thumb over the hub while you prepare your catheter. The goal is to have about three to four centimeters in the subarachnoid space, then secure it to the patient's back.
在准备置入导管时尽力用拇指摁住针尾,阻止脑脊液外流。目标是在蛛网膜下腔留置导管约 3 - 4cm,然后将导管固定在患者的背部。
图3Now is when we start to dose the local anesthetic,we'll usually start to dose the local anesthetic with five milligrams of isobaric bupivacaine.Then we can assess the hemodynamic effect and presence of a sensory and motor block. If needed, we can dose another 2.5 milligrams at a time as necessary until we get the desired level. Once we're cruising at steady state, we're usually giving 2.5 milligrams every 45 to 60 minutes to maintain the spinal block where we want it.
现在,我们开始滴定局部麻醉药的剂量,通常从 5mg等比重布比卡因开始。然后,评估患者血流动力学以及感觉和运动阻滞情况,必要时追加布比卡因 2.5 mg/次,直至达到理想的阻滞平面。稳定后,每 45-60 分钟给予 2.5 mg布比卡因,以维持理想的脊髓麻醉平面。
图4Here are some tips and tricks for continuous spinal. First, be gentle when advancing the catheter, that catheter tip is poking up against some sensitive structures including the conus medullaris.Slow advancement is key to avoiding paresthesia.Maintaining sterile technique. Hold the end of the catheter below the level of the insertion site, if it drips passively,no need to aspirate, you're in the right spot.We only use isobaric medications with this technique.
需要注意的要点和技巧。首先,要轻柔地置入导管,导管尖端会碰到一些敏感结构,包括脊髓圆锥 。缓慢置管是避免异感的关键。保持无菌。导管末端置于穿刺点以下,如果脑脊液自行滴落,无需抽吸,说明导管位置正确。在此,我们只使用等比重局麻药。
图5
Finally, I can't stress this enough. Make sure everyone who is involved in the care of that patient knows it's a spinal catheter not an epidural. We use bright stickers and careful specific handoff to other team members. As a rule, these get removed from the patient at the end of the case before leaving the operating room.
最后,要特别强调一点,确保参与该患者护理的每个人都知晓,这是鞘内导管而非硬膜外导管。使用显眼的贴纸,并仔细地与团队其他成员交接。通常在手术结束,离开手术室前,从患者身上移除。
翻译:李娜(郑州市第七人民医院)校对:房丽丽字幕剪辑:董诗萌
END
(浙大二院麻醉科超声引导神经阻滞教学)浙江大学医学院附属第二医院麻醉手术部是中华医学会麻醉学分会“一带一路”海外医师首个区域麻醉培训基地。我们高度重视区域麻醉的教学工作,探索新颖的评论类教学课程,研发神经阻滞置管模型,培养的学员多次获得浙江省工会主办的麻醉职业技能神经阻滞竞赛一等奖、中华医学会麻醉学分会主办的“百花齐放”神经阻滞视频展演比赛一等奖。未来,我们将继续努力为麻醉新手、基层麻醉医师、海外麻醉医师等提供优质高效的分层区域麻醉培训。
最好的总会在不经意间出现。
点击:2022年浙大二院麻醉住培专业基地招生开启!
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什么时候的资料呀?
有优点
但也有缺点,缺点是什么呢? 缺点是低颅压头疼
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