椎管内麻醉
将药物（局麻药、阿片类）注入椎管内某一腔隙，可逆性阻断脊神经传导功能或减弱其兴奋性的一种麻醉方法。包括：蛛网膜下腔阻滞（又称腰麻，Subarachnoidblock）和硬脊膜外腔阻滞（又称硬膜外麻醉，Epiduralblock）。大量临床研究已表明，腰麻和硬膜外麻醉可延迟手术应激反应，减少术中出血，降低术后血栓栓塞发生率，从而降低高危病人术后并发症的发病率。另外，硬膜外阻滞还可用于术后镇痛，是目前胸、腹部手术术后和分娩镇痛的主要镇痛方法。The drug (local anesthetics, opiates) into a lacuna intraspinal, reversibly blocked the function of spinal nerve conduction or weaken an anesthesia method for its excitability. Including: subarachnoid block (also called spinal anesthesia, Subarachnoidblock) and epidural block (also known as epidural anesthesia, Epiduralblock). A large number of clinical studies have shown that, spinal anesthesia and epidural anesthesia can delay the operation stress reaction, reduce bleeding, reduce the incidence of postoperative thromboembolism, so as to reduce the incidence of complications in high-risk patients after operation. In addition, epidural block can also be used for postoperative analgesia, is currently the main methods of analgesia in patients after abdominal operation, and labor analgesia.
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