Both spinal and epidural anesthesia involved injecting medications near spinal cord, this makes you numb from the level of your chest down to your feet. The advantages of spinal and epidural anesthesia include the ability to be awake during operation, and to avoid the risks associated with general anesthesia.
蛛网膜下腔或硬膜外麻醉是将药物注射在脊髓附近，使你从胸部到脚部失去知觉。蛛网膜下腔或硬膜外麻醉的优点是病人术中保持苏醒，以及避免产生与全身麻醉相关的风险。
Because spinal and epidural anesthesia rarely cause decreases in blood pressure and other changes that might require rapid treatment.You will have intravenous line in place, so the fluid and medicine can be administered quickly. You will also be connected to various monitors to keep track of your blood pressure, pulse, and oxygen content of your blood.
因为蛛网膜下腔或硬膜外麻醉很少引起血压降低和其他可能需要快速治疗的生理变化。你可以留置静脉通道，因此可以将液体和药物迅速注入体内。还可以使用各种监视设备以随时监测你的血压，脉搏，和血液中氧气含量。
Prior to receiving spinal or epidural anesthesia, the necessities will use antiseptic solution to clean the area of your back with medicine that is injected. To decrease the pain from needle stick, here you may remain still and local anesthetic directly over spot with spinal or epidural needle will be inserted.
在进行蛛网膜下腔或硬膜外麻醉之前，必须使用消毒液来清洗背部区域。为了减少注射针头带来的疼痛，请保持体位不动，在拟蛛网膜下腔或硬膜外麻醉穿刺区域上使用局麻药。
Spinal anesthesia involves a single injection medication into the sac of fluid that surrounds your spinal cord. To reach the fluid sac, the necessities will pass needle through your skin between the vertebra bones and finally through spinal ligaments and the dura which is a protected membrane around your spinal cord.
蛛网膜下腔麻醉将药物一次性注入包围脊髓的蛛网膜下腔内。为了到达蛛网膜下腔，必需将穿刺针穿过脊椎骨之间的皮肤，最后通过脊椎韧带和硬脑膜，硬脑膜是一层保护脊髓的膜。
Spinal anesthesia begins working almost immediately after the injection is completed；with epidural anesthesia, the needle does not penetrate with dura and medication is deposited just outside the sac of fluid that surrounds your spinal cord. Epidural anesthesia may be given in single doseor in necessities may leave a tiny flexible tube or catheter in place in the event of more anesthetics required during the longer expected procedure.
蛛网膜下腔麻醉在注射完成后立即开始起效；而硬膜外麻醉，针头不能穿透硬脑膜，药物注射在硬膜外。硬膜外麻醉的麻醉药可进行一次注射，或必要的情况下，会在放置一根小软管或导管到硬膜外，以防手术时间较长时需要更多麻醉剂。
Epidural anesthesia takes about 10 minutes to begin working. After the injection of the spinal anesthesia or the removal of epidural catheter, a small bandage will be placed over the area where the needle was inserted. After spinal anesthesia, you will be kept in bed with your head flat for several hours.
硬膜外麻醉注射大约10分钟后开始起效。椎管内麻醉的导管取出后，在针头插入处放置一个小创口贴。在蛛网膜下腔麻醉后，需平卧几个小时。
New words and phrases
1. general anesthesia [ˈdʒenərəl ˌænɪsˈθi:ʒə] 全身麻醉
2. spinal anesthesia [ˈspaɪnəl ˌænɪsˈθi:ʒə]蛛网膜下腔麻醉（也称腰麻，脊椎麻醉）
3. epidural anesthesia [ˌepiˈdjuərəl ˌænɪsˈθi:ʒə]硬膜外麻醉
4. keep track of 记录; 与…保持联系
5. antiseptic solution [ˌæntɪˈseptɪk səˈlu:ʃən] 抗菌溶液
6. vertebra [ˈvɜ:tɪbrə] 椎骨
7. ligament [ˈlɪgəmənt] 韧带
8. in the event of 万一，倘若
Question!
What kind of complication probably occurs if the patient develops apneic, unresponsive, and totally flaccid, with bilateral dilated nonreactive pupils after epidural anesthesia? 如果硬膜外麻醉后，病人出现了呼吸暂停、无反应、全身瘫软、双侧瞳孔散大、无对光反射，请问有可能发生了什么并发症？
作者: lindijian 时间: 2018-8-24 10:42
全脊髓麻醉
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