新青年麻醉论坛

标题: 有奖中英文一句话互译活动 [打印本页]

作者: shenxiu2 时间: 2010-1-2 11:27
标题: 有奖中英文一句话互译活动
在新春来临之际，让我们大家来学习，并加强中英文的语文能力。
英文版论坛现在发起有奖中英文一句话互译活动。
活动方式：
1、专业，科普一句话均可(单词翻译不算)，但必须与麻醉学相关。中文翻译成英文，或英文翻译成中文均可，语句需注明出处，如某某杂志某期某篇文献摘要
2、鼓励翻译有价值的英文麻醉文献摘要，外文经典图书中的要点。
3、对前文翻译中的纰漏会员可给予指正。
4、参与自动奖励10个金币，对前贴翻译中纠错或者翻译文献价值高者版主另行给予奖励，严禁灌水。 10个金币的自动奖励每位战友只发一次, 但是欢迎大家多次参与，质量高者版主另行加分奖励。
5、活动时限：英文版长期活动，期待大家踊跃参与。
6、参与方式：点击此处申请有奖中英文一句话互译，然后在此帖回帖参与活动，回帖后点击任务中的

就可以领取活动奖励(10金币)，严禁灌水！

作者: shenxiu2 时间: 2010-1-2 12:02
本帖最后由 shenxiu2 于 2010-1-2 12:09 编辑

例子:

Despite careful assessment ,unexpected airway problem can occur .
即使经过小心的评估,预想不到的气道处理问题还是会发生.

Oxford handbook of anesthesia. page 872 , Management of the unexpected difficult airway.

作者: 华西小卒 时间: 2010-1-2 12:12
本帖最后由华西小卒于 2010-1-2 12:14 编辑

It is essential to ask for assistance before anaesthetising patients who have been assessed as having potentially difficult airways.
术前评估存在潜在性困难气道的患者麻醉前寻求他人协助很有必要。
出处：How To Survive In Anaesthesia 3rd Ed Chapter 4 Failed intubation drill

作者: 魏铁钢 时间: 2010-1-2 12:57
本帖最后由魏铁钢于 2010-1-2 13:01 编辑

张力性气胸的表现是什么?
The performance of tension pneumothorax What is this?
胸膜腔内出现气体
Pleural cavity appears Gas
吸气压力增加
Suction pressure to increase
心动过速
Tachycardia
低血压
Hypotension
低氧血症
Hypoxemia
颈静脉怒张
Jugular vein engorgement
呼吸音不对称
Asymmetric breath sounds
气管偏移
Tracheal deviation
纵隔移向健侧
Contralateral mediastinal shift
等
Etc.

Morgan Clinical Anesthesiology No. 838

作者: jinzifu 时间: 2010-1-2 19:01
困难气道的定义是：具有五年以上临床麻醉经验的麻醉科医师在面罩通气时遇到了困难（上呼吸道梗阻），或气管插管时遇到了困难，或两者兼有的一种临床情况。
The definition of difficult spirit way is:Have for more than five years the clinical anaesthesia is empirical anaesthesia doctor Ke met a difficulty(up breath way block) when the mask ventilates, or the windpipe met a difficulty while putting a tube, or both and a kind of clinical circumstance for having.
出处：中华医学会麻醉学分会《困难气道管理专家意见》

作者: shenxiu2 时间: 2010-1-2 21:32
本帖最后由 shenxiu2 于 2010-1-2 21:37 编辑

4# 魏铁钢
张力性气胸的表现是什么?
The performance of tension pneumothorax What is this?
"What are the signs of tension pneumothorax?" 会比较通顺.
胸膜腔内出现气体
Pleural cavity appears Gas
"Presence of air in the pleural cavity."
吸气压力增加
Suction pressure to increase
"Increase in inspiratory pressure"
其他的都译得很好.

作者: shenxiu2 时间: 2010-1-2 21:56
6# jinzifu

困难气道(difficult airway)的定义(definition)是：具有五年以上临床麻醉经验(clinical anaesthetic experience)的麻醉科医师(anaesthesiologist)在面罩通气(facemask ventilation)时遇到了困难（上呼吸道梗阻)(Upper airway obstruction)，或气管插管(tracheal intubation)时遇到了困难，或两者兼有的一种临床情况(clinical condition)。

比较通顺的译法建议如下:
The definition of difficult airway is : A clinical condition where an anesthesiologist with more than five years of clinical anaesthetic experience , having difficulty in maintaining face mask ventilation( upper airway obstruction ) ,or having difficulty in tracheal intubation, or having difficulty in both .

出处：中华医学会麻醉学分会《困难气道管理专家意见》

作者: ilonger 时间: 2010-1-2 23:53
Airway Management: Introduction
气道管理：导言
Expert airway management is an essential skill for an anesthesiologist. This chapter reviews the anatomy of the upper respiratory tract, describes the necessary equipment, presents techniques, and discusses complications of laryngoscopy, intubation, and extubation. Patient safety depends on a thorough understanding of each of these topics.
熟练的呼吸道管理是一个麻醉医师基本技能。本章将回顾上呼吸道解剖，描述必需的设备，介绍技术，并讨论喉镜窥视、气管插管和拔管的并发症。患者安全取决于对每一个主题的透彻的理解。

Clinical Anesthesiology, 4th Edition
G. Edward Morgan, Jr., Maged S. Mikhail, Michael J. Murray
Chapter 5. Airway Management

presents techniques的翻译应该单独还是与设备一起
单独：介绍技术
一起：描述必需的设备，现有的技术

作者: wandjy1986 时间: 2010-1-3 00:04
Genetically modified plants are not as tasty as those grown in their original areas.
基因移植的植物不会象生长在原产地那么有风味

作者: yrxxinyueight 时间: 2010-1-3 13:56
The fundamental pharmacokinetic processes are dilution into volumes of distribution and clearance. These processes are governed by the physical properties of the drug and the metabolic capacity of the patient. Anesthetic drugs tend to be highly bound to protein in plasma and highly bound to lipid in peripheral tissues. Most anesthetic drugs are metabolized in the liver.
药代动力学的基本过程分为分配和清除量稀释。这些过程都受药物的物理特性和病人的代谢能力。麻醉药品往往是高度肯定的血浆蛋白和高度的约束外周组织的脂质。大多数麻醉药物在肝脏代谢。

作者: shenxiu2 时间: 2010-1-3 15:06
本帖最后由 shenxiu2 于 2010-1-3 15:08 编辑

9# ilonger

presents techniques的翻译应该单独还是与设备一起
单独：介绍技术
一起：描述必需的设备，现有的技术

应该是单独。您的翻译较准确。
如果是一起，那么“present ”（现有）应该是没有后面的“s”的。
两者的读音也不一样。

你翻译得很好啊！:)

作者: suhby 时间: 2010-1-3 21:13
An adrenergic drug, C9H13NO2, that is a powerful vasoconstrictor and is used to relieve nasal congestion, dilate the pupils, and maintain blood pressure during anesthesia.
肾上腺素一种肾上腺素的药剂，c9h13no2，它是一种很强的血管收缩剂，可用于麻醉过程中减轻鼻充血、扩大瞳孔和稳定血压。

作者: ilonger 时间: 2010-1-3 21:41

Morgan Clinical Anesthesiology No. 838
摩根临床麻醉学
We are happy that our manuscript can be accepted to publish in your Anesthesiology. We so
much appreciated your helps for revising our manuscri ...
shuailao2009 发表于 2010-1-2 15:26

登录/注册后可看大图

试译一下：
我们很高兴我们的手稿被接受并登载在你的麻醉学里。我们也非常感谢您帮助修改我们的原稿。

作者: shenxiu2 时间: 2010-1-3 22:05
请大家记得注明文句的出处。

作者: shenxiu2 时间: 2010-1-3 22:17
本帖最后由 shenxiu2 于 2010-1-4 00:29 编辑

11# yrxxinyueight

Anesthetic drugs tend to be highly bound to protein in plasma and highly bound to lipid in peripheral tissues.
麻醉药品往往是高度肯定的血浆蛋白和高度的约束外周组织的脂质。。

这段话里的BOUND似乎不是这个意思吧? 好像不太明白.有谁可以帮帮忙呢?

作者: aimarsan 时间: 2010-1-3 23:09
what is the reason of the headache after spinal anesthesia ?
腰麻后头痛的原因是什么？
Morgan Clinical Anesthesiology No. 496 摩根临床麻醉学

作者: gaojingui 时间: 2010-1-5 13:26
A physician know everything but can do nothing; a surgeon can do everything but know nothing; only the anesthetist know everthing and can do everything!
内科医师什么都懂却什么都不能做；外科医师什么都能做但什么都不懂；只有麻醉医师什么都懂而且什么都能做！
(摘自一位英国著名医学家所言)

作者: gaojingui 时间: 2010-1-5 13:33
Anesthetic drugs tend to be highly bound to protein in plasma and highly bound to lipid in peripheral tissues.
/麻醉药品多具有较高的血浆蛋白结合力而且也易积蓄于外周的脂肪组织中。

作者: georgeqjq 时间: 2010-1-6 08:51
Chapter 25 Rare and Coexisting Diseases
Stephen F. Dierdorf J. Scott Walton
Key Points
The cytoskeleton of the muscle membrane in patients with muscular dystrophy is abnormal and is susceptible to damage from succinylcholine. Massive release of intracellular contents, including potassium, may occur.
Myotonic dystrophy produces cardiac conduction delay that can manifest as high-grade atrioventricular block.
Patients with myasthenia gravis are exquisitely sensitive to nondepolarizing muscle relaxants. Short-acting muscle relaxants and objective monitoring of neuromuscular function are indicated.
Many types of cancer, in addition to small cell lung carcinoma, can produce myasthenic syndrome.
Patients with multiple sclerosis should be advised that an exacerbation of their neurologic symptoms may occur during the perioperative period.
Repeated episodes of sickling in patients with sickle cell disease cause pulmonary hypertension. Pulmonary hypertension in sickle cell patients is associated with increased mortality.
Rheumatoid arthritis is a multisystem disease that causes subclinical cardiac and pulmonary dysfunction.
Many patients with rheumatoid arthritis have significant degeneration of the cervical spine with few neurologic symptoms. Cervical manipulation during laryngoscopy and intubation requires special precautions.
Esophageal dysfunction in patients with scleroderma or dermatomyositis increases the risk of aspiration pneumonitis.
Patients with epidermolysis bullosa can have undiagnosed dilated cardiomyopathy.
第25章罕见疾病及合并疾病患者的麻醉

要点
肌营养不良患者肌膜细胞骨架异常，易受琥珀胆碱的破坏，琥珀胆碱可导致细胞内容物（包括钾）大量释放出来。
肌强直性营养不良可导致心脏传导延迟，表现为高度房室传导阻滞。
重症肌无力患者对非去极化肌松药相当敏感，应使用短效肌松药，并客观监测神经肌肉功能。
除小细胞肺癌外，很多癌症都可引起肌无力综合征。
应告知多发性硬化患者，围手术期神经症状会加重。
镰状细胞病患者反复镰状化会导致肺动脉高压，如果合并肺动脉高压，死亡率会增加。
类风湿关节炎是一个多系统疾病，可造成亚临床心功能不全和肺功能不全。
很多类风湿关节炎患者颈椎有明显变性，但几乎没有神经症状。在颈部进行喉镜操作和气管插管时要特别小心。
硬皮病或皮肌炎患者的食道功能不全会增加吸入性肺炎的风险。
大疱性表皮松解症患者可能有未诊断的扩张性心肌病。

出处：Clinical Anesthesia （6th edition）

作者: wycfeiyu 时间: 2010-1-6 10:13
本帖最后由 shenxiu2 于 2010-1-6 18:17 编辑

Objective To explore the possibility and security of tracheal e xtubation in the operation room after open heart surgery in children under fenta nyl-isoflurane anesthesia.
目的探讨芬太尼、异氟醚复合麻醉下小儿体外循环心脏手术后手术室拔除气管导管的可能性、安全性。

这句话的出处呢?------ 参宿2

作者: zyc992 时间: 2010-1-6 18:39
本帖最后由 shenxiu2 于 2010-1-7 14:53 编辑

分别计算不分性别及ABO血型的942例 HDN患者中，ABOHDN患者的总体检出率，

calculate the general detection rate of patients with ABO HDN among 942 mixed patients with HDN,indiscriminate in the choice of ABO blood type

出处呢? 句子似乎不完整.----shenxiu2

作者: 呼O吸 时间: 2010-1-7 22:57
肺泡气最低有效浓度
minimum alveolar concentration，MAC

作者: dss2877877 时间: 2010-1-8 21:07
Asymmetric breath sounds
气管偏移

作者: cjf555 时间: 2010-1-8 23:40

11# yrxxinyueight

这段话里的BOUND似乎不是这个意思吧? 好像不太明白.有谁可以帮帮忙呢?
shenxiu2 发表于 2010-1-3 22:17

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理解成“结合”不知道妥当否？

作者: 1001 时间: 2010-1-9 01:55
本帖最后由 1001 于 2010-1-9 02:09 编辑

Anesthetic drugs tend to be highly bound to protein in plasma and highly bound to lipid in peripheral tissues.
/麻醉药品多具有较高的血浆蛋白结合力而且也易积蓄于外周的脂肪组织中。
gaojingui 发表于 2010-1-5 13:33

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把bound译成结合非常正确。

但不要把“易于与血浆蛋白结合”翻译成了“高血浆蛋白结合力”，
更不能把“易于与外周脂质结合”译成“积蓄”(两者是因果关系，定义上完全不一样)。

血浆蛋白结合力与积蓄在药理学上都有专门的定义。

翻译可以做必要的修饰，但内容要忠实于原文。

把protein in plasma翻译成“血浆中的蛋白”或“血浆蛋白”，lipid in peripheral tissues翻译成“外周组织中的脂质”或“外周脂质”关系都不大，但一些概念性的东西要特别慎重。

作者: 1001 时间: 2010-1-9 02:22

Genetically modified plants are not as tasty as those grown in their original areas.
基因移植的植物不会象生长在原产地那么有风味
wandjy1986 发表于 2010-1-3 00:04

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翻译成“基因改变后的植物就没原来那么好吃了”会不会更通俗易懂些？

作者: anestiger 时间: 2010-1-9 11:10

Asymmetric breath sounds
气管偏移
dss2877877 发表于 2010-1-8 21:07

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应该译为：“呼吸音不对称”吧。

作者: emer 时间: 2010-1-10 19:23
16# shenxiu2
BOUND=结合
麻醉药品与血浆中的蛋白质和周围组织中的脂质有很高的结合率（亲和性）。

作者: byronchu 时间: 2010-1-10 20:31
本帖最后由 shenxiu2 于 2010-1-11 11:43 编辑

Noninvasive cardiac output and blood pressure monitoring cannot replace an invasive monitoring system in critically ill patients
在重症患者中非侵入性心输出量及血压监测不能够代替侵入性监测

请点击首帖(主题帖)的"领取奖励" 领取你的奖励。----参宿2

作者: fjdaidongsheng 时间: 2010-1-10 21:10
Intraoperative assessment of technical skills on live patients using economy of hand motion
在病人手术中应用手运动效率评（手术）价操作技能

作者: xzb2010 时间: 2010-1-11 17:44
advanced life support ( ALS) /[d5va:nst laif s[5pC:t/ 进一步生命支持

basic life support ( BLS) /5beisik laif s[5pC:t/ 基本生命支持

作者: 水晶公主 时间: 2010-1-11 22:02
Results: The drug cost was increasing year by year,while the percentage of benzodiazepine(BZ)hypnotics DDDs was decreasing.
结果:镇静催眠药的年度金额逐年增长,苯二氮卓类药物仍占主要市场,年度药物DDDs总数的比例有下降趋势。
Citalopram is a safe and an efficient drug in the treatment of BDZ dependence.
西酞普兰是治疗苯二氮艹卓类药物成瘾安全有效的药物。

作者: moshiyongyi 时间: 2010-1-12 17:53
Anesth Analg 2010 110: 154-158.
Up-Down Determination of the 90% Effective Dose of Phenylephrine for the Treatment of Spinal Anesthesia-Induced Hypotension in Parturients Undergoing Cesarean Delivery
测定苯肾上腺素治疗剖宫产产妇脊麻后低血压的ED90值

作者: 蓝影月舞 时间: 2010-1-12 18:08
Well, the feedforward control iridology is formulated relevant standards, purpose, to ensure "association of standard operation safety" is the first target anesthesia.做好防范于未然的前馈控制，目的是制定相关标准，规范操作章程，确保“麻醉安全”是第一目标。（在网上看到的，记不住在哪里了）

作者: yellowzbj 时间: 2010-1-12 21:03
Preoperative Evaluation and Perioperative Treatment of Geriatric Cardiac Patients For Non-cardiac Surgeries
老年心脏病人非心脏手术麻醉前评估和围术期处理

作者: MZ灵魂 时间: 2010-1-13 21:06
Anesthesia E-record,the Core Part of Anesthesia Information Management System.
麻醉电子病历是手术麻醉信息管理系统的核心.

作者: pinglelee 时间: 2010-1-14 11:06
Deficits in cholinergic function have been postulated to cause delirium and cognitive decline。
胆碱功能的缺乏被假设为谵妄和认知下降的原因。
The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences 63:764-772 (2008)

作者: dncm126 时间: 2010-1-14 17:49
An increased drive to ventilate may also cause dyspnea. Such stimuli include hypoxia, usually when arterial oxygen tensions are less than 60 mmHg, and stimuli from inflamed lung parenchyma, as occur in bacterial pneumonia or alveolitis and that drive the respiratory centers of the brain. These stimuli often lower the resting carbon dioxide pressure (Pco2) to less than the normal level of 40mmHg and cause dyspnea, especially on mild exertion.过度通气也可以导致呼吸困难。兴奋呼吸中枢的刺激因素有动脉氧分压低于60mmHg时的低氧以及细菌性肺炎或肺泡炎时肺实质产生的炎性产物。这些刺激因素常常使静息时的二氧化碳分压降至40mmHg的正常水平以下而导致呼吸困难，在轻微活动时更加明显。
临床医学英语第二十二课P64

作者: shenxiu2 时间: 2010-1-14 23:40
本帖最后由 shenxiu2 于 2010-1-14 23:45 编辑

39# dncm126

An increased drive to ventilate may also cause dyspnea. Such stimuli include hypoxia, usually when arterial oxygen tensions are less than 60 mmHg, and stimuli from inflamed lung parenchyma, as occur in bacterial pneumonia or alveolitis and that drive the respiratory centers of the brain. These stimuli often lower the resting carbon dioxide pressure (Pco2) to less than the normal level of 40mmHg and cause dyspnea, especially on mild exertion.

过度通气也可以导致呼吸困难。兴奋呼吸中枢的刺激因素有动脉氧分压低于60mmHg时的低氧以及细菌性肺炎或肺泡炎时肺实质产生的炎性产物。这些刺激因素常常使静息时的二氧化碳分压降至40mmHg的正常水平以下而导致呼吸困难，在轻微活动时更加明显。临床医学英语第二十二课P64

“An increased drive to ventilate ” 并不是“过度通气”，而是 “通气推动力的增加”。------通气推动力的增加可能引起呼吸困难。

这些推动脑里呼吸中枢的刺激因素包括：动脉氧分压低于60mmHg时的低氧，以及细菌性肺炎或肺泡炎时肺实质产生的炎性产物。

这些刺激因素常常使静息时的二氧化碳分压降至40mmHg的正常水平以下，并且引起呼吸困难，尤其是在进行轻微活动时。（并不是因为二氧化碳分压降至40mmHg的正常水平以下，才导致的呼吸困难，而是以上所列对呼吸中枢的刺激因素导致的呼吸困难。）

我的中文词汇有限，大概是这样的意思。请其他高手不吝赐教。

作者: benz_1983 时间: 2010-1-15 17:14
When immediate intubation is not required, the difficulty of intubation should first be assessed. This assessment is discussed in detail in the Preparation section,under Sedation and Paralysis.
当不需要紧急插管，则应该首先评估插管的难点，在下面的术前准备、镇静与麻醉章节中详细讨论评估。

出处：Anesthesia preparation P35

作者: zgsh118 时间: 2010-1-15 17:17
An appropriate intravascular volume replacement is a fun-
damental component of managing the critically ill surgical
or intensive care unit (ICU) patient because the failure to
treat hypovolaemia may progress to organ dysfunction or
even death.
对外科和ICU的危重患者而言，进行适当的静脉容量替代疗法是一种根本的治疗措施，如果容量不足将导致器官功能不全甚至衰竭。
Mythen MG, Salmon JB, Webb AR. The rational administration of
colloids. Blood Rev 1993; 7: 223–8

作者: 睁眼睛伸舌头 时间: 2010-1-16 07:30
Anesthesia doctors, should proceed with caution!
麻醉医生，应该谨慎行事！

作者: lyz6913 时间: 2010-1-16 16:01
Expert airway management is an essential skill for an anesthesiologist. This chapter reviews the anatomy of the upper respiratory tract, describes the necessary equipment, presents techniques, and discusses complications of laryngoscopy, intubation, and extubation. Patient safety depends on a thorough understanding of each of these topics.
熟练的呼吸道管理是一个麻醉医师基本技能。本章将回顾上呼吸道解剖，描述必需的设备，介绍技术，并讨论喉镜窥视、气管插管和拔管的并发症。患者安全取决于对每一个主题的透彻的理解。

作者: 1001 时间: 2010-1-18 23:47
本帖最后由 1001 于 2010-1-19 01:29 编辑

[quote]39# dncm126

An increased drive to ventilate may also cause dyspnea. Such stimuli include hypoxia, usually when arterial oxygen tensions are less than 60 mmHg, and stimuli from inflamed lung parenchyma, as occur in bacterial pneumonia or alveolitis and that drive the respiratory centers of the brain. These stimuli often lower the resting carbon dioxide pressure (Pco2) to less than the normal level of 40mmHg and cause dyspnea, especially on mild exertion.

经常碰到读懂英文却苦于中文表述的情况。

drive的原意是驱动力或推动力，但直译的话，中文总是很别扭，因为后面的解释说明都是用的stimuli。结合前后文变通一下，把drive翻成“刺激因素”，再和后面的解释放在一起，中文好象会顺很多。
增加刺激通气的因素也可能引起呼吸困难。这些刺激因素包括低氧，通常为动脉氧分压低于60mmHg，以及细菌性肺炎或肺泡炎时肺实质的炎性产物，它们刺激大脑的呼吸中枢。这些刺激常使静息二氧化碳分压低于40mmHg的正常水平以下，并引起呼吸困难，尤其是轻微活动时。

这句还有点模糊，that drive the respiratory centers of the brain这个that只能指代stimuli from inflamed lung parenchyma，因为缺氧只是兴奋外周感受器，对中枢而言，缺氧起抑制作用。

作者: zyymzk301 时间: 2010-1-19 11:17
CT引导下经皮穿刺臭氧髓核消融术治疗颈腰椎间盘突出症
CT-Guided Percutaneous Ablation Ozone Discectomy for Treating Cervical Lumbar Disc Herniation

作者: zyymzk301 时间: 2010-1-19 11:20
ARX Model Auditory Evoked Potentials Index: A New Method to Monitor the Depth of Anaesthesia/sedation
监测麻醉与镇静深度的新方法-ARX模式听觉诱发电位指数

作者: zyymzk301 时间: 2010-1-19 11:20
Study on a New Method of Parameters Measurement of Gas-liquid Two-phase Flow
气液两相流参数检测新方法研究

作者: zyymzk301 时间: 2010-1-19 11:21
A NEW PROCEDURE FOR EVALUATION OF RADIOPROTECTOR BY CYTOGENETIC METHOD Ⅱ.A NEW METHOD FOR THE EVALUATION OF RADIOPROTECTORS IN THE DOG——DETERMINATIONS OF MICRONUCLEI IN THE BONE MARROW OF IRRADIATED DOGS
以细胞遗传学方法评价辐射防护药的新程序 Ⅱ.评价辐射防护药对狗防护效果的新方法——照射狗骨髓有核红细胞微核测定

作者: zyymzk301 时间: 2010-1-19 11:22
A New Method of Structural Optimization Design ——Modified Feasible Direction Method
结构优化设计的一种新方法——改进的可行方向法
A New Method for Identification of Differences between Different Genomes
鉴定不同基因组之间差异序列的新方法研究

作者: zyymzk301 时间: 2010-1-19 11:23
Development of a New Method for Gene Diagnosis of G6PD Deficiency and Its Genetic Analysis
G6PD缺乏症基因诊断新方法的建立及遗传学分析

作者: rudyjerry 时间: 2010-1-19 15:57
Clinical value of aprotinin blood anesthesia in radical excision of esophageal carcinoma
抑肽酶的血液保护作用在食管癌根治术麻醉中的使用价值
Conclusions Aprotinin blood anesthesia and TEG monitor can stabilize the coagulable state,reduce the volumes and rates of hemorrhage and transfusion,and is worth using in the surgery of normal operations of gynecologic malignancy.
结论　血栓弹性描记图的监测和抑肽酶血液麻醉的运用在妇科恶性肿瘤根治手术中具有稳定凝血功能状态、减少围手术期出血量、输血量和输血率的作用 ,具有较高的应用价值。

作者: gaven 时间: 2010-1-20 00:35
A. Red cell transfusion: Intraoperative and postoperative management of potential or
actual blood loss includes: (1) monitoring the amount of blood loss, (2) monitoring hemoglobin
or hematocrit, (3) monitoring for the presence of inadequate perfusion and oxygenation of vital
organs (e.g., blood pressure, heart rate, temperature, blood oxygen saturation), and (4)
transfusion of allogeneic red blood cells or autologous blood (i.e., normovolemic hemodilution
and intraoperative red blood cell recovery).
输红细胞：术中和术后可能或实际失血的处理包括:(1)监测失血量;(2)监测血红蛋白和红细胞压积;(3)监测生命器官的氧合和灌注是否不足(如血压、心率、体温、血氧饱和度);(4)输注同种红细胞或自体血(如等容血液稀释和术中红细胞回收)。

作者: gaven 时间: 2010-1-20 00:51
Management of coagulopathy:
Intraoperative and postoperative management of
potential or actual coagulopathy includes: (1) visual assessment of the surgical field and
laboratory monitoring for coagulopathy, (2) transfusion of platelets, (3) transfusion of freshfrozen
plasma, (4) transfusion of cryoprecipitate, (5) administration of drugs to treat excessive
bleeding (e.g., desmopressin, topical hemostatics), and (6) recombinant activated factor VII.
Visual assessment of the surgical field is standard practice and entails assessments of the
presence of microvascular bleeding and the extent of blood present. Laboratory monitoring
includes point-of-care intraoperative or postoperative assessments. In a bleeding patient,
obtaining coagulation tests is also standard practice, and the literature suggests that coagulation
test results correlate with perioperative blood loss, depending on the type of fluid used for
intravascular volume replacement. The literature supports the use of desmopressin and topical
hemostatics to treat excessive bleeding. Although there are insufficient numbers of published
clinical trials assessing the efficacy of recombinant activated factor VII in treating excessive
microvascular bleeding (i.e., coagulopathy), multiple case reports indicate its efficacy as a rescue
drug when standard therapy has failed.
凝血障碍的处理
术中或术后凝血障碍处理包括:(1)肉眼评估手术野和检测凝血指标;(2)输注血小板;(3)新鲜冰冻血浆(FFP)输注;(4)冷沉淀输注;(5)使用药物治疗大失血(如去氨加压素、表面止血剂);(6)重组活化Ⅶ因子。
肉眼评估手术野是一种标准方法,而且也是评价微血管出血和失血量所必需。实验室监测包括术中或术后床旁评估。失血病人的凝血检查也是标准的方法,文献提示凝血检测结果与围手术期失血相关,它取决于血管内扩容量所用的液体种类。文献支持使用去氨加压素和表面止血剂治疗大量出血。虽然还没有足够量的已发表的临床研究证明重组活化Ⅶ因子治疗微血管出血有效,但许多个案报告了在标准治疗失败后它是有效的急救药物。

作者: wen0003 时间: 2010-1-20 10:58
诱导会使病人失去意识，反射也会被抑制

Will induce the patient to lose consciousness,reflection will be constrained
From:Clinical Anesthesia Procesures of the Massachusetts General Hospital

作者: shenxiu2 时间: 2010-1-20 19:05

诱导会使病人失去意识，反射也会被抑制

Will induce the patient to lose consciousness,reflection will be constrained
From:Clinical Anesthesia Procesures of the Massachusetts General Hospital
wen0003 发表于 2010-1-20 10:58

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May I suggest a better way of translating this sentence :
Induction ( of Anesthesia) will cause the patient to lose consciousness , and the reflexes will also be suppressed.

The "反射" here means the coughing reflex, laryngeal reflexes, withdrawal reflex to painful stimuli, etc.
"Reflection" is used in mirror reflection , light reflection , sound waves reflection , etc.

It is a good attempt . Keep it up . 这是个很好的尝试,再接再厉.

作者: yzwg123 时间: 2010-1-20 20:01
Inspiratory time is measured from the beginning of inspiration to the beginning of exhalation .
吸气时间测定是从吸气开始到呼气开始。
Expiratory time is measured from the beginning of exhalation to the beginning of the next inspiration.
呼气时间测定是呼气开始到下一次呼气开始。

出处：Ventilator Waveforms， 2003 Nellcor Puritan Bennett Inc. All rights reserved. P15.

作者: shenxiu2 时间: 2010-1-20 22:25
57# yzwg123

Expiratory time is measured from the beginning of exhalation to the beginning of the next inspiration.
呼气时间测定是呼气开始到下一次呼气开始。

这里的"呼气" 应该是"吸气" 吧? :)

作者: 梨花客栈 时间: 2010-1-20 22:55
使用麻醉药品的医务人员必须具有医师以上专业技术职务并经考核能正确使用麻醉药品。进行计划生育手术的医务人员经考核能正确使用麻醉药品的，在进行手术期间有麻醉药品处方权。

The medical worker who prescribes any anaesthetics for the patient must be a qualified physician or a surgeon, who is tested to have been able to use such drugs properly. The surgeon at the induced abortion ward who is tested to have been able to use such drugs properly may have the right to prescribe anaesthetics for the person to be operated on.

作者: wwwsunsea 时间: 2010-1-22 00:40
I can't rest on my laurels any more! For me, for my patients!

我不能再止步不前了，为了我自己，为了我的病人。

作者: Matthew.wang 时间: 2010-1-23 02:04
Intermittent mandatory ventilation
With intermittent mandatory ventilation (IMV), breaths are delivered at a preset interval, and spontaneous breathing is allowed between ventilator-administered breaths.
IMV呼吸模式
在IMV呼吸模式，呼吸按照一定的预设间隔完成，并允许在呼吸机管理的呼吸中可以有自主呼吸。
出处：
http://www.xqnmz.com/thread-11335-1-1.html

作者: genine 时间: 2010-1-23 08:22
The management of chronic epilepsy in infants and children
has undergone a dramatic shift in recent years. Despite the
development of a variety of specific drug regiments, the
prevalence of pharmacologically intractable seizures is still
high. Furthermore, long administration of anticonvulsant
drugs leads to numerous side effects and neurocognitive
deficits. Advances in neuroimaging and electroencephalography
provide epileptologists with anatomical targets that
mediate some medically intractable seizure disorders.
Recent advances in pediatric neurosurgery have exploited
these technologies and dramatically improved the outcome
in infants and children. However, the physiological and
developmental differences inherent in pediatric patients
present challenges to neurosurgeons and anesthesiologists
alike. The aim of this section is to highlight these agedependent
aspects of the perioperative management of the
pediatric neurosurgical patient.
Anesthesia for epilepsy surgery in children
Childs Nerv Syst (2006) 22:834–843
近年来对于患有慢性癫痫症婴儿及幼儿的麻醉处理较前有着显著的改变。尽管治疗癫痫的一系列药物取得了长足的进展，但难治性癫痫的发病率仍居高不下。而且，长期服用抗癫痫药物会导致众多的副反应及认知障碍。神经影像及脑电图的发展使得癫痫学家们能够认识到介导一些难治性癫痫的解剖结构。小儿神经外科的最新进展已经利用到这些技术，并使得婴幼儿的治疗得到极大改善。然而，小儿固有的生理及发育的不同给神经外科医师及麻醉科医师带来巨大挑战。这一章节的目的就是要阐述小儿神经外科围手术期的麻醉管理。
呵呵，自己翻译的东西还是不少的，拿出来一段赚点小钱，感谢楼主，呵呵！

作者: 卓远 时间: 2010-1-24 19:59
健康所系，性命相托。
当我步入神圣医学学府的时刻，谨庄严宣誓：
我志愿献身医学，热爱祖国，忠于人民，恪守医德，尊师守纪，刻苦钻研，孜孜不倦，精益求精，全面发展。
我决心竭尽全力，除人类之病痛，助健康之完美，维护医术的圣洁和荣誉，救死扶伤，不辞艰辛，执着追求，为祖国的医药卫生事业的发展和人类的身心健康奋斗终生

For the improvement of health, and for the entrustment of life.

Respectfully, solemnly, I swear, on the moment I made my entrance into this sacred and dignified campus of medicine, I volunteer to devote my lifetime to medical science, and to cherish deep love for my country; to maintain loyalty to my people, and to strictly abide the medical moral; to show respect for the teachers, and to observe the disciplines; to engage in assiduous study, to keep diligent despite of weariness, and to pursue versatility.

I am determined to spare no effort to eliminate the ailment of humanity, to assist in the perfection of health, and to defend the sacred purity and honor of medical skill.

I will heal the wound and rescue the dying, regardless of hardship;

I will persist constantly in my pursuit, despite the time it takes.

Glory in mind, proud in spirit, standing here, I swear, that I will dedicate my whole life to the hygiene cause of my homeland, and the physi-psychiological health of the overall humanity.

作者: 紫雨寒冰 时间: 2010-1-25 21:23
本帖最后由 shenxiu2 于 2010-1-25 21:43 编辑

Study Examines Smoking Practices and Attitudes Among Anesthesiologists in China, the Country with the Highest Population of Smokers

研究调查在中国-吸烟人口最多的国家-麻醉医师吸烟行为和态度摘至ASA

请点击首帖(主题帖)的"领取奖励" 领取你的奖励。----参宿2

作者: ssmu0paul 时间: 2010-1-26 15:01
Anesthesia doctors, should proceed with caution!
麻醉医生，应该谨慎行事！

作者: 月月 时间: 2010-1-26 15:56
Several potential risks to the anesthesiologist are related to the provision of care ,including the medicolegal risk, the risk of an allergic reaction, and the risk of a needlestick injuryand transmission of disease from the patient to the practitioner. 麻醉医师面临的潜在风险与其提供的医疗服务有关，其中包括医疗法律责任、过敏反应、针头扎伤和来自患者的感染性疾病。出处:米勒麻醉学

作者: Matthew.wang 时间: 2010-1-30 13:10
辅助/控制通气（A/CMV）：病人的吸气力量可触发呼吸机产生同步正压通气。当自主呼吸频率超过预设频率时，起辅助通气作用；自主呼吸频率低于预设值时，转为控制通气
Assist/Controlled Mandatory Ventilation
Patient’s inspiration triggers ventilator to deliver synchronized positive pressure ventilation.
Ventilator assists ventilation while spontaneous respiration frequency exceeds predefined respiratory frequency.
Ventilator controls ventilation while spontaneous respiratory frequency is lower than predefined respiratory frequency
来源：http://www.db120.cn/mz/read.php?tid-94.html

作者: Matthew.wang 时间: 2010-1-30 13:11
汉译英：
IPPV: 间歇正压通气：主要在麻醉中应用肌松剂时实施及大手术后呼吸支持。由呼吸机间歇正压通气，呼吸参数由呼吸机控制

.Intermittent Positive Pressure Ventilation
.Used when muscle paralyzed or big surgery
.Parameters controlled by ventilator
来源：http://www.db120.cn/mz/read.php?tid-94.html

作者: shenxiu2 时间: 2010-1-30 17:10
68# Matthew.wang

IPPV: 间歇正压通气：主要在麻醉中应用肌松剂时实施及大手术后呼吸支持。由呼吸机间歇正压通气，呼吸参数由呼吸机控制

.Intermittent Positive Pressure Ventilation
.Used when muscle paralyzed or big surgery
.Parameters controlled by ventilator
来源：http://www.db120.cn/mz/read.php?tid-94.html

IPPV is used mainly in Anesthesia where muscle relaxants are used or in providing ventilatory support after major surgery.
The ventilator provides intermittent positive pressure ventilation , and the ventilatory parameters are controlled by the ventilator settings.

大手术在英文被称为Major surgery , 小手术是minor surgery.

作者: yuluxin_80 时间: 2010-1-30 21:28
American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Blood Component Therapy美国麻醉医师学会血液成分治疗小组

作者: 小根子 时间: 2010-1-30 22:34
本帖最后由小根子于 2010-1-30 22:35 编辑

Assess the client's understanding of the intended surgery and anesthesia.评估病人是否了解即将进行的手术及麻醉。
Previous experience with surgery and anesthesia.既往手术及麻醉史
Family history of complications from surgery or anesthesia. 家庭手术或麻醉并发症史
Report abnormal laboratory values and other concerns to the surgeon or anesthesiologist.向手术医生或麻醉师报告异常化验值及其他问题。

初次参加这个活动，各位照顾。呵呵。是关于麻醉前评估的几个术语。

作者: Matthew.wang 时间: 2010-1-30 22:43
本帖最后由 shenxiu2 于 2010-1-30 23:10 编辑

69# shenxiu2

Thanks. Your translation is more professional.

Welcome to English forum . Looking forward to your active participation!:handshake ----shenxiu2

作者: lyb840412 时间: 2010-1-30 23:38
麻醉的目的是是病人暂时失去意识或对疼痛不敏感，从而使手术和诊断治疗可以无痛的进行。
the purpose of anaesthesia is to render the patient temporily unconscious or insensitive to pain so that operations or diagnostic / therapeutic procedures can take place comfortably .
出处：麻醉新概念

作者: Matthew.wang 时间: 2010-1-31 09:07
A total of 932 children developed an LD before the age of 19 years. Compared with children not exposed to anesthesia, the risk of developing an LD was not increased for the 449 children exposed to a single anesthetic. However, the risk was significantly increased for children exposed to 2 or more doses of anesthesia.
共有932个小朋友在19岁以前出现了LD(Learning Disability:学习障碍/智障？)。与没有接受麻醉的同学比较，449个只接受1种麻醉药的同学出现智障（LD）的风险并没有增加。然而接受种两次或者更多剂量麻醉的同学出现智障的风险明显增高。
来源：http://www.xqnmz.com/viewthread.php?tid=11998&page=1#pid92796

作者: Matthew.wang 时间: 2010-1-31 09:21
本帖最后由 Matthew.wang 于 2010-1-31 09:41 编辑

Soure: http://www.xqnmz.com/thread-5863-1-1.html

What is anesthesia?
Anesthesia controls pain during surgery or other medical procedures. It includes using medicines, and sometimes close monitoring, to keep you comfortable. It can also help control breathing, blood pressure, blood flow, and heart rate and rhythm, when needed.
麻醉的目的是在手术或者其他一些医疗过程中管理/控制疼痛。包括通过用药和严格监护保证患者在手术过程中的舒适。同时麻醉也在需要的时候控制呼吸、血压、血流、心率和心律。
An anesthesiologist or a nurse anesthetist takes charge of your comfort and safety during surgery. This topic focuses on anesthesia care that you get from these specialists.
麻醉医师或者麻醉护士负责术中的舒适。本文的主要关注麻醉护理的换题
Anesthesia may be used to:
Relax you.
Block pain.
Make you sleepy or forgetful.
Make you unconscious for your surgery.
Other medicines also may be used to relax your muscles during surgery.
麻醉的目的包括：
放松(Relax)
止痛(Pain killing)
遗忘(Amnesia)
无知觉(unconscious)
在书中有时会使用一些药物放松肌肉。(Paralyis)

作者: xie208624 时间: 2010-1-31 09:33
Surgical repair for UIAs does not impair cognition or CBF in patients without postoperative restrictions in
lifestyle.
对于术后在生活方式方面没有限制的病人，未破裂的颅内动脉瘤手术不会损害术后认知功能或血流量。
作者：Yasunari Otawara, MD
出处：Stroke

作者: Matthew.wang 时间: 2010-1-31 09:38
Ⅳ、压力支持通气（PSV）：病人自主呼吸的吸气力可触发呼吸机送气，并使气道压迅速上升到预设值，当吸气流速降低到一定程度时，则由吸气转为呼气。主要呼吸参数由病人控制，潮气量增加取决于预设压力值。可明显降低自主呼吸的呼吸作功。
Pressure Support Ventilation(PSV): The inspiratory force(or pressure ) of patient's spontenious respiration(Breathing) triggers ventilator to deliver gas, which increases airway pressure to preset limit rapidly. Respitory phase is transformed to expiratory phase when inspiratory flow velocity declines to some degree.

文章来源:龙牙麻醉论坛,原文地址:http://www.db120.cn/mz/read.php?tid=94

恳请斑竹斧正，有些翻译不合适

作者: 小根子 时间: 2010-1-31 09:48
No one cases of anesthesia are large anesthesia, must be hundred percent serious. 没有小麻醉，对待每一例麻醉我们都必须倾尽全力。

静脉麻醉和吸入麻醉都是全麻的方法。Intravenous anesthesia and inhalation anesthesia are general anesthesia method。

麻醉前对患者的评估是必要的。The assessment of the patient before anesthesia is necessary.

插管前的必要步骤是先吸入纯氧。Intubation is a necessary step before the first inhalation of pure oxygen.

作者: wftiger 时间: 2010-1-31 14:50
Chapter 1
History of Pediatric Cardiac Anesthesia
Carol L. Lake
INTRODUCTION
Congenital cardiac anomalies have been recognized for centuries. However, few or no treatments were available until the twentieth century. Most children with congenital heart disease (CHD) were consigned to a life of invalidism. Medical therapy consisted of rest and digoxin. The history of any type of heart surgery spans only 100 years.
第一章小儿心脏麻醉历史
概述人们对先心异常的认识已经有几个世纪了，但到20世纪才开始治疗，大多数CHD患儿不得不苟且偷生，医学治疗仅限于休息和服用地高辛，心脏外科的历史仅仅100年。

作者: shenxiu2 时间: 2010-1-31 19:46
本帖最后由 shenxiu2 于 2010-2-1 09:38 编辑

78# 小根子

No one cases of anesthesia are large anesthesia, must be hundred percent serious. 没有小麻醉，对待每一例麻醉我们都必须倾尽全力。

------------No anesthesia is considered minor. Every case of anesthesia is to be handled with our best effort.

静脉麻醉和吸入麻醉都是全麻的方法。Intravenous anesthesia and inhalation anesthesia are general anesthesia method。
------------Intravenous anesthesia and inhalational anesthesia are methods of general anesthesia 。

麻醉前对患者的评估是必要的。The assessment of the patient before anesthesia is necessary.这句子没错,只是以下的说法在英文语法会较通顺.
-------------------It is necessary/essential to assess patients before anesthesia.

插管前的必要步骤是先吸入纯氧。Intubation is a necessary step before the first inhalation of pure oxygen.这句翻倒意思了.应该是:
------------------The essential step before intubation is to first inhale pure oxygen.

再接再厉!

作者: 发霉的面包 时间: 2010-1-31 20:13
麻醉的ABC
Always Be Cool! 保持冷静
Always Be Cocky! 保持自信

作者: elanorzhang 时间: 2010-1-31 23:02
本帖最后由 shenxiu2 于 2010-2-1 09:48 编辑

Hetastarch co-loading is as effective as pre-loading for the prevention of hypotension after spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery.羟乙基淀粉同时负荷和预先负荷对预防剖宫产腰麻后低血压同样有效
出处：International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia (2009) 18, 150–155
请点击首帖(主题帖)的"领取奖励" 领取你的奖励。----参宿2

作者: lyb840412 时间: 2010-1-31 23:31
Patients with complex medical or surgical problems. The patient is often admitted several days before surgery and the anesthetist is actively involved in optimizing their condition prior to anesthesia and surgery.
病人有复杂的医学的或者外科的问题。在手术和麻醉前几天常常需要积极地改善病人的情况。

作者: shenxiu2 时间: 2010-2-1 09:45

麻醉的ABC
Always Be Cool! 保持冷静
Always Be Cocky! 保持自信
发霉的面包发表于 2010-1-31 20:13

登录/注册后可看大图

Cocky 是骄傲,是一种市井用语,是贬意词.
自信是confident.
Cool 也是市井用语.正式说法是 Be calm.

作者: shenxiu2 时间: 2010-2-1 09:55
74# Matthew.wang

共有932个小朋友在19岁以前出现了LD(Learning Disability:学习障碍/智障？)。与没有接受麻醉的同学比较，449个只接受1种麻醉药的同学出现智障（LD）的风险并没有增加。然而接受种两次或者更多剂量麻醉的同学出现智障的风险明显增高。
来源：http://www.xqnmz.com/viewthread.php?tid=11998&page=1#pid92796

这儿指的不是一种或多种麻醉药,而是一次或多次麻醉.
LD 译成学习障碍比较好,因为智障可以有不同种类和程度的分别.这儿指的是学习方面而已.

作者: zhonghs 时间: 2010-2-1 15:57
the anesthetist know everthing and can do everything!
麻醉要什么都知道并会做

作者: Matthew.wang 时间: 2010-2-1 21:51
本帖最后由 Matthew.wang 于 2010-2-1 21:52 编辑

74# Matthew.wang

这儿指的不是一种或多种麻醉药,而是一次或多次麻醉.
LD 译成学习障碍比较好,因为智障可以有不同种类和程度的分别.这儿指的是学习方面而已.
shenxiu2 发表于 2010-2-1 09:55

登录/注册后可看大图

多谢指教。
智障翻译有些乱翻。
这里翻译成1次是正确：1 or 2 doses of .....

作者: luoyewuhen 时间: 2010-2-1 23:15
与布比卡因相比,在老年肛肠手术患者行鞍麻时罗哌卡因可能更为适用.
Compared with bupivacaine, anorectal surgery in elderly patients with saddle anesthesia, when ropivacaine may be more applicable.

作者: zhouqingji 时间: 2010-2-2 12:43
张力性气胸的表现是什么?
The performance of tension pneumothorax What is this?

作者: sjn 时间: 2010-2-2 16:16
Topiacal anesthesia ia done under vision with a laryngoscope.
喉镜直视下行表面麻醉。

作者: shenxiu2 时间: 2010-2-2 22:47
89# zhouqingji

张力性气胸的表现是什么? The performance of tension pneumothorax What is this? zhouqingji 发表于 2010-2-2 12:43

英文的语法应是: What are the manifestations (or signs) of pneumothorax ?
Performance 在此并不适合. 一般它是用于做出来的表现.如 His performance in school is very good. ( 他在学校的表现出色,)
这种现象性,观察性,或征兆性的表现,应该用manifestation,或signs(征兆).

很多时候,英文的问题都是由What is /are, why is/are, where is /are, who is/are 作开始,不像中文的问题,是在结尾----如:那是什么,那是谁,那是在那里,等等. 所以说英语时,要照英文的语法,倒过来说.

作者: anie 时间: 2010-2-3 16:15
标题: 2
本帖最后由 shenxiu2 于 2010-2-4 10:39 编辑

It is difficult to predict the future but foolish to ignore the past. The history of ambulatory anesthesia is one of many trends and societal or economic forces that have provided the impetus for the growth of the specialty. By understanding the events of the past one can have a greater understanding of the present and some insight into the possible trends of the future. Financial and societal forces will continue to drive the growth of ambulatory anesthesia. New technology, surgical techniques,and progress in anesthesiology will be financed and supported by society so long as ambulatory surgery continues to decrease the costs of health care. Although new technology may increase the direct costs of providing care in the operating room, theoverall costs to society should be reduced by a decrease in lost productivity and individual suffering on the part of the patients. Regardless of future changes, the anesthesiologist must remain dedicated to the safety and comfort of the patient first and foremost. If that happens, then the future of ambulatory anesthesiology and surgery will continue to be bright.

虽然很难去预测未来，但忽略过去却一定是愚蠢的。从日间手术麻醉的发展历史来看，无疑推动了社会和经济的发展，我们通过对过去这一事件的理解来加深对现在和未来可能发展趋势的解读，经济社会同样也在推动麻醉学的发展。只要我们持续降低麻醉手术护理的成本，新的科技、外科技术和麻醉学发挥发展都会得到来自社会的经济支持，尽管新技术可能会直接的增加手术室成本，但从以往经验来看，却大大降低了生产力的损失，挽救患者生命。不管未来如何改变，麻醉学仍旧将致力于保护病人安全和缓解不适为首要依托，如果这样的话，麻醉学的前景将会一如既往的光明。

请点击首帖(主题帖)的"领取奖励" 领取你的奖励。----参宿2

作者: vivian25530 时间: 2010-2-4 21:39
I would like to learn a good anesthesia
我想好好学麻醉

作者: collagen 时间: 2010-2-4 21:59
脑功能指数用于全麻手术期间麻醉深度监测的临床观察
Clinical observation of cerebral state index in predicting depth of anesthesia in general anesthesia operation

作者: arelang 时间: 2010-2-7 15:34
10.Angiotensin Ⅱ is seen to act in two manners:direct vasoconstricting action to raise the blood pressure;and action in stimulating the production of aldosterone to promote the reabsorption of sodium and water,further raising the blood pressure.
血管紧张素 Ⅱ 有两种作用方式:一是通过收缩血管引起血压升高;二是通过刺激分泌醛固酮，引起水钠重吸收增加，使血压进一步升高。
出自《临床医学英语》作者不详

作者: 耳朵0301 时间: 2010-2-8 14:45
只有小手术，没有小麻醉:Only minor operation, there is no small anesthesia

作者: 124558719 时间: 2010-2-9 20:45
麻醉药分全身麻醉药和局部麻醉药两种。全身麻醉药由浅入深抑制大脑皮层，使人神志消失。局部麻醉对神经的膜电位起稳定作用或降低膜对钠离子的通透性，阻断神经冲动的传导，起局部麻醉作用。
Sub-anesthetic agents and local anesthetics anesthetics two kinds. General anesthetic progressive approach to inhibit the cerebral cortex, makes consciousness disappears.Of local anesthesia on nerve membrane potential to stabilize or reduce the role of membrane permeability of sodium ions, blocking the conduction of nerve impulses played the role of local anesthesia.

作者: hermione_fang 时间: 2010-2-9 23:08
本帖最后由 hermione_fang 于 2010-2-9 23:09 编辑

Cognitive impairment is common immediately af-
ter surgery and general anesthesia in elderly patients,
with some elderly patients report lingering difficulties
with concentration and memory for days or weeks postoperatively.

老年病人在接受手术和全身麻醉后的一段时间常会发生认知障碍,表现为迁延数天或数周的记忆力和注意力的困难.
出自:In Ho Lee,DeborahJ.Culley.Spatial Memory Is Intact in Aged Rats After
Propofol Anesthesia.ANESTHESIA & ANALGESIA,2008;(4):1211-1215

作者: 牧草 时间: 2010-2-10 17:28
全麻诱导是指使病人从清醒状态转为可以进行手术操作的麻醉状态的过程
Induction of anesthesia :the process which makes the patient from state of being conscious to narcotism

作者: shane0105 时间: 2010-2-14 15:13
Prediction and management of difficult airway in mentally handicapped patients in dentoalveolar surgery
牙槽手术中的智障患者困难气道的评估和管理
出自European Journal of Anaesthesiology ,June 7,2009

作者: kinwj210 时间: 2010-2-15 21:46
Fundamental issues to be settled during the preoperative visit are how the patient wishes to feel during the procedure and the anesthesiologist’s opinion of how well the patient would tolerate the unusual sensations, the posture, and the environment.
在术前访视时主要需解决的问题是了解病人对手术经历的企望以及麻醉医生告知病人如何耐受术中异常的感觉，体位和环境的信息。

Complications ofRegional Anesthesia
Second Edition

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