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标题: let us translate together [打印本页]

作者: lyb840412 时间: 2010-1-31 22:35
标题: let us translate together
本帖最后由 shenxiu2 于 2010-2-1 09:33 编辑

The preoperative visit of all patients by an anesthetist is an essential requirement for the safe and successful conduct of anesthesia.

作者: lyb840412 时间: 2010-1-31 22:37
对于麻醉医师来说，术前访视病人是安全麻醉和麻醉成功必须的。

作者: lyb840412 时间: 2010-1-31 22:39
In an ideal world, all patients would be seen by their anesthetist sufficiently ahead of the planned surgery to allow any problems identified to be treated without interfering with the smooth running of the operating list.

作者: lyb840412 时间: 2010-1-31 22:45
在一个理想的境界，所以的病人应能够有充分的时间见麻醉医师，从而使得影响手术的问题得到解决，而不影响手术安排。
有没有更好的翻译？

作者: lyb840412 时间: 2010-1-31 22:46
For elective surgery, patients are rarely admitted more than 24 hours in advance and may not be seen by the anesthetist until the evening prior to surgery.

作者: lyb840412 时间: 2010-1-31 22:47
这上面一句好难，不会翻译

作者: lyb840412 时间: 2010-1-31 22:50
Ideally, the anesthetist should take a full history and examine each patient, but for the reasons already identified this is seldom possible. This section concentrates on features of particular relevance to the anesthetist.

作者: lyb840412 时间: 2010-1-31 22:50
These may have occurred in hospitals or dental surgeries. Inquire about inherited or ‘family’ diseases (e.g. sickle-cell disease, porphyria) and difficulties with previous anesthetics (e.g. nausea, vomiting, dreams, awareness, postoperative jaundice). Check the records of previous anesthetics to rule out or clarify problems such as difficulties with intubation, allergy to drugs administered, or adverse reactions (e.g. malignant hyperpyrexia, see below). The approximate date of previous anesthetics, particular if recent, should be identified to avoid the risk of repeat exposure to halothane (see page 59). Details of previous surgery may reveal potential anesthetic problems, for example cardiac or pulmonary surgery.

作者: lyb840412 时间: 2010-1-31 22:52
Cardiovascular system
Specific inquiries must be made about:
 angina (its incidence, precipitating factors, duration, use of anti-anginal medications, e.g. glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) tablets or spray);
 previous myocardial infarction and subsequent symptoms;
 symptoms indicative of heart failure.
Patients with a proven history of myocardial infarction are at a greater risk of perioperative reinfarction, the incidence of which is related to the time interval between infarct and surgery. Elective surgery should be postponed until at least 6 months after the event. Untreated or poorly controlled hypertension (diastolic consistently >110 mmHg ) may lead to exaggerated cardiovascular responses during anesthesia. Both hypertension and hypotension can be precipitated which increase the risk of myocardial ischaemia. Heart failure will be worsened by the depressant effects of anesthetic drugs on the heart, thereby impairing the perfusion valves may be on anticoagulants. These may need to be stopped or changed prior to surgery. Antibiotic prophylaxis will be required during certain types of surgery.

作者: lyb840412 时间: 2010-1-31 22:53
1.    Sleep is an active process generated in the brain.
2.    Structures in the brainstem, diencephalon, and basal forebrain control the sleep-wake cycle and are directly modulated by general anesthetics.
3.    Sleep and anesthesia are similar states with distinct traits, with each satisfying neurobiologic features of the other.
4.    Distinct memory functions are subserved by distinct neural structures.
5.    Limbic system structures such as the hippocampus and amygdala are critical for memory and play a role in anesthetic-induced amnesia.
6.    Although brainstem, diencephalon, and basal forebrain structures generate wakefulness, the contents of consciousness are thought to be generated by the cortex.
7.    Multiple neural correlates of consciousness are thought to be the targets of general anesthetics.
8.    Consciousness and subsequent explicit recall of intraoperative events—known as “awareness during general anesthesia”—occur in 1 to 2 cases per 1000.
9.    Monitoring anesthetic depth has evolved to electroencephalographic methods, although limitations still exist.

作者: lyb840412 时间: 2010-2-1 10:32
1,睡觉对于大脑是个积极地过程
2、在全身麻醉中，脑干、间脑和基底前脑共同构成控制和直接调节睡觉-唤醒系统

作者: 1001 时间: 2010-2-1 19:03
请问楼主以上帖是来自一篇文章么？是的话能不能给一个全文和出处啊？

作者: lyb840412 时间: 2010-2-1 19:41
来自临床麻醉学英语版，想要的话可以到这里下载：http://www.xqnmz.com/thread-12786-1-1.html

作者: 1001 时间: 2010-2-2 00:40

For elective surgery, patients are rarely admitted more than 24 hours in advance and may not be seen by the anesthetist until the evening prior to surgery.
lyb840412 发表于 2010-1-31 22:46

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英语中一些关于否定方面的用法只能接合前后文翻译，例如，not..because...，不同的场合表示的意思完全和中文相反。
本句的意思应该为：择期手术，少数病人事先住院不超过24h,可能到手术前一天晚上才被麻醉医师看到。

作者: xuxuebing 时间: 2010-2-3 08:17
For elective surgery, patients are rarely admitted more than 24 hours in advance and may not be seen by the anesthetist until the evening prior to surgery.

对于选择性手术，病人很少在24小时前入院，因而有可能在手术前晚麻醉医生才有机会看到病人。

作者: xuxuebing 时间: 2010-2-3 08:24
Ideally, the anesthetist should take a full history and examine each patient, but for the reasons already identified this is seldom possible. This section concentrates on features of particular relevance to the anesthetist.
理想的状况是麻醉医生应该充分了解患者病史并检查每一位患者，但是由于一些已知的原因却很难做到这一点。本部分将集中探讨与麻醉医生相关的方面。

作者: lyb840412 时间: 2010-2-7 09:14
Patients with a proven history of myocardial infarction are at a greater risk of perioperative reinfarction, the incidence of which is related to the time interval between infarct and surgery. Elective surgery should be postponed until at least 6 months after the event. Untreated or poorly controlled hypertension (diastolic consistently >110 mmHg ) may lead to exaggerated cardiovascular responses during anesthesia. Both hypertension and hypotension can be precipitated which increase the risk of myocardial ischaemia. Heart failure will be worsened by the depressant effects of anesthetic drugs on the heart, thereby impairing the perfusion valves may be on anticoagulants. These may need to be stopped or changed prior to surgery. Antibiotic prophylaxis will be required during certain types of surgery.

作者: lyb840412 时间: 2010-2-7 09:22
Patients with a proven history of myocardial infarction are at a greater risk of perioperative reinfarction, the incidence of which is related to the time interval between infarct and surgery. Elective surgery should be postponed until at least 6 months after the event. Untreated or poorly controlled hypertension (diastolic consistently >110 mmHg ) may lead to exaggerated cardiovascular responses during anesthesia. Both hypertension and hypotension can be precipitated which increase the risk of myocardial ischaemia. Heart failure will be worsened by the depressant effects of anesthetic drugs on the heart, thereby impairing the perfusion valves may be on anticoagulants. These may need to be stopped or changed prior to surgery. Antibiotic prophylaxis will be required during certain types of surgery.
发生过心肌梗塞的病人有很大危险在术中发生在梗塞。择期手术应在心肌梗塞6个月后施行。在麻醉过程中，无治疗或者控制差的高血压（舒张压>110mmHg）或者低血压可能会导致循环大的波动。高血压和低血压均会增加心衰的危险性。心衰将会使得麻醉药在心脏的作用，减少心肌供血。以上的情况必须在术前纠正。预防性应用抗生素是必须的。

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