US Guidance Showing Compressible IJ (V) and Noncompressible Carotid (A) 1
液体复苏的通路优先级:单纯液体复苏无需常规置入 CVC,短而粗的宽口径外周套管针(wide-bore cannula)是更优选择—— 其输注流速更快、操作更快捷、并发症风险更低,仅在外周通路不可行时才考虑紧急置入短期 CVC。详情见Central Venous Catheters • LITFL Medical Blog • CCC
解剖(A)、壁内血肿(B)、假Figure 2. Radial cannulation and injuries. In the upper part, sheath removal and consequent trauma. In the lower part, acute wall injuries of the radial artery after cannulation observed with high-resolution ultrasound: dissection (A), intramural hematoma (B), pseudoaneurysm (C), spasm (D), and thrombus formation (E).性动脉瘤(C)、痉挛(D)和血栓形成(E)。
解剖(A)、壁内血肿(B)、
损伤类型 英文原文 中文翻译 超声核心特征解析
桡动脉夹层 Radial dissection: The arrowhead indicates the disruption of the vessel layers at the longitudinal view. 桡动脉夹层:箭头示纵切面下血管壁各层撕裂。 核心标志为血管内膜 - 中膜 - 外膜结构连续性中断,超声纵切面可见明确撕裂口(箭头所示),血流可能进入撕裂层形成 “双腔征”。
壁内血肿 Wall hematoma: The arrowhead indicates the hematoma with evidence of blood between the vessel layers. 壁内血肿:箭头示血肿,可见血管壁各层间积血。 血管壁各层间出现局限性无回声 / 低回声区(积血),无明确内膜破口,与夹层的 “撕裂口 + 双腔” 特征相区分。
假性动脉瘤 Pseudoaneurysm: Arrowhead indicates the pseudoaneurysm at the longitudinal view, with evidence of blood outside the vessel wall. 假性动脉瘤:箭头示纵切面下假性动脉瘤,可见血管壁外积血。 血管壁局部向外膨出,形成与血管腔相通的无回声区(血肿包裹),纵切面可见 “瘤体 - 血管腔” 交通口,彩色多普勒可探及往返血流信号。
管腔狭窄 Lumen compromise: Compromise of the arterial lumen caused by any injury. 管腔狭窄:任何损伤导致的动脉管腔狭窄。 继发于夹层、血肿、痉挛等损伤的间接表现,超声测量管腔直径较正常段缩小,血流速度加快。
血管痉挛 Spasm: The arrowhead indicates spasm, shown as vessel shrinkage and a thickened intima. 血管痉挛:箭头示血管痉挛,表现为血管收缩、内膜增厚。 血管弥漫性或局限性收缩,管腔变窄,内膜回声增厚、毛糙,无明确撕裂或血肿征象,解除诱因后可缓解。
血栓形成 Thrombus: Arrowhead indicates the thrombus presenting as a still mass in the vessel lumen, characterized by the clear transition between its surface and the intima. 血栓:箭头示血栓,表现为血管腔内实性团块,其表面与内膜界限清晰。 血管腔内出现实性低回声 / 等回声团块,无血流信号,与血管内膜分界明确,可导致管腔部分或完全闭塞。