1. Fechner J, El-Boghdadly K, Spahn DR, et al.: Anaesthetic efficacy and postinduction hypotension with remimazolam compared with propofol: A multicentre randomised controlled trial. Anaesthesia 2024; 79:410–22
2. Doi M, Hirata N, Suzuki T, Morisaki H, Morimatsu H, Sakamoto A: Safety and efficacy of remimazolam in induction and maintenance of general anesthesia in high-risk surgical patients (ASA Class III): Results of a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group comparative trial. J Anesth 2020; 34:491–501
3. Wiltshire HR, Kilpatrick GJ, Tilbrook GS, Borkett KM: A placebo- and midazolam-controlled phase I single ascending-dose study evaluating the safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of remimazolam (CNS 7056): Part II. Population pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modeling and simulation. Anesth Analg 2012; 115:284–96
4. Koehntop DE, Rodman JH, Brundage DM, Hegland MG, Buckley JJ: Pharmacokinetics of fentanyl in neonates. Anesth Analg 1986; 65:227–32
5. Kitaura A, Hamasaki S, Sakamoto H, Tsukimoto S, Nakajima Y: Two cases of inadequate response to remimazolam. Cureus 2023; 15:e42576
6. Anderson BJ: Drug error in paediatric anaesthesia: Current status and where to go now. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 2018; 31:333–41
7. Freyer N, Knospel F, Damm G, et al.: Metabolism of remimazolam in primary human hepatocytes during continuous long-term infusion in a 3-D bioreactor system. Drug Des Devel Ther 2019; 13:1033–47
8. Neubert A, Baarslag MA, Dijk M, et al.; CLOSED Consortium: The CLOSED trial; CLOnidine compared with midazolam for SEDation of paediatric patients in the intensive care unit: Study protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e016031
9. Wolf A, McKay A, Spowart C, et al.: Prospective multicentre randomised, double-blind, equivalence study comparing clonidine and midazolam as intravenous sedative agents in critically ill children: The SLEEPS (Safety profiLe, Efficacy and Equivalence in Paediatric intensive care Sedation) study. Health Technol Assess 2014; 18:1–212
10. Wang W, Wu L, Zhang C, Sun L: Is propofol injection pain really important to patients? BMC Anesthesiol 2017; 17:24
11. Eleveld DJ, Proost JH, Wierda J: Evaluation of a closed-loop muscle relaxation control system. Anesth Analg 2005; 101:758–64
12. Viscusi ER, Martin G, Hartrick CT, Singla N, Manvelian G; EREM Study Group: Forty-eight hours of postoperative pain relief after total hip arthroplasty with a novel, extended-release epidural morphine formulation. A nesthesiology 2005; 102:1014–22
13. Bergese SD, Dalal P, Vandse R, et al.: A double-blind, randomized, multicenter, dose-ranging study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of fospropofol disodium as an intravenous sedative for colonoscopy in high-risk populations. Am J Ther 2013; 20:163–71
14. Rathmell JP: Liposomal bupivacaine, scientific evidence, and the clinician’s conundrum. A nesthesiology 2024; 140:865–7
15. Ushakumari DS, Sladen RN: ASA consensus-based guidance on preoperative management of patients on glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists. A nesthesiology 2024; 140:346–8
16. Løberg M, Furholm S, Hoff I, Aabakken L, Hoff G, Bretthauer M: Nitrous oxide for analgesia in colonoscopy without sedation. Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 74:1347–53
17. Shafer SL, Teichman SL, Gottlieb IJ, et al.: Safety and efficacy of vocacapsaicin for management of postsurgical pain: A randomized clinical trial. A nesthesiology 2024; 141:250–61
18. Simons P, van der Schrier R, van Lemmen M, et al.: Respiratory effects of biased ligand oliceridine in older volunteers: A pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic comparison with morphine. A nesthesiology 2023; 138:249–63