Anesthesia is the use of medications to block the pain of a medical procedure. The medications that block this pain are called anesthetics. Different forms of anesthesia are used to prepare patients for different types of procedures.
麻醉是用药物阻断医疗手术过程中的疼痛。阻断疼痛的药物称为麻醉剂。不同麻醉方式用于不同的手术类型。
Local Anesthesia（局部麻醉）
Local anesthesia is used for minor procedures such as sutures or skin biopsies. A physician uses local anesthetic to numb a small area of tissue without affecting surrounding areas. Local anesthetic drugs can be applied on the skin's surface or injected at the site of the procedure. The numbness typically wears off within a few hours.
Regional anesthesia is used for more extensive procedures that involve larger areas of the body, such as a knee or hand. Regional anesthetic drugs can block sensation in an entire limb. They do not cause the patient to lose consciousness. Regional anesthetic is typically given through a catheter.
Conscious sedation is a form of anesthesia that relaxes the patient and dulls painful sensations. This type of anesthetic can be taken as a pill, or it can be injected or inhaled. Conscious sedation is often used during procedures such as endoscopy and plastic surgery. A patient who is given this type of anesthetic remains awake and is alert enough to respond to questions. Typically the patient will not remember the procedure.
General anesthesia results in a complete loss of consciousness. General anesthesia is used for major surgery or when other types of anesthesia are not appropriate. General anesthesia drugs may be inhaled or injected. They affect the entire body. The patient's vital signs must be closely monitored until the anesthesia wears off. A patient who is under the influence of general anesthesia usually requires breathing assistance.
The type of anesthesia that is most appropriate for a particular procedure depends on the patient's need. For complex procedures, an anesthesiologist will help make this decision. Patients will be asked about their physical and mental health. They will be asked about food and drug allergies and medication usage. They will also be asked about previous experiences with anesthesia.
Anesthesia can have profound effects on the body. Modern techniques have minimized its risks and its side affects. Any time anesthesia is used, the patient's health is closely monitored.
Local anesthesia makes a part of the body numb to prevent a patient from feeling pain during a medical procedure. Local anesthesia is commonly used for many minor outpatient surgeries.
局部麻醉使病人在医疗操作过程中身体的某个部位麻木不会感觉疼痛。局部麻醉常用于一些门诊小手术。
Patient Care and Safety（病人关爱和安全）
Before administering local anesthesia, the anesthesia provider will consider the patient’s health, medications, allergies, medical history and past use of anesthesia. This will help the provider decide which type of local anesthesia is best for the patient.
Local anesthesia can be injected through a needle. It can also be given in a cream or gel. The type of anesthesia used depends on the part of the body being numbed.
局部麻醉药可用针注射，也可用乳剂或凝胶剂。选用何种类型的麻醉取决于想要对身体的哪个部位进行麻醉。
After the Procedure （术后）
Local anesthesia will wear off within 4-12 hours. The numbness may last until a patient has gone home. A patient who has been given local anesthesia must be careful that they do not accidentally injure the numbed area before the anesthesia wears off. Side effects from local anesthesia are not common.
Regional anesthesia makes an area of the body numb to prevent the patient from feeling pain during or after a medical procedure. It can completely block sensation to a large area of the body. Regional anesthesia does not put a patient to sleep, but it is commonly used along with sedation. It may also be used with general anesthesia.
The type and amount of anesthesia used depends on the patient's need. An anesthesia provider will consider the patient’s health, medication use, allergies, medical history and past use of anesthesia to decide what is best for the patient.
Regional anesthesia can be injected into the area around one or more nerves in the arms, hands, legs and feet to numb all or parts of these extremities. A catheter can be inserted to provide anesthesia to a limb for a long period of time. If the surgeon needs to numb the lower abdomen, groin or legs, regional anesthesia can also be delivered through a catheter placed near the nerve roots of the spine.
Regional anesthesia can be used to control pain for hours or days after a surgical procedure. Commonly, regional anesthesia for postsurgical pain is given to the patient through a catheter. The patient can control the dose.
The numbing effect may last for several hours after a surgical procedure, depending on the type and amount of anesthesia used. Because regional anesthesia is commonly used with sedation during surgery, some side effects are common. Patients may feel sleepy and confused. They may shiver or feel nauseous and vomit. Some patients have dry mouth or a sore throat. These symptoms usually go away quickly.
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发表于 2018-6-27 18:30:59
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发表于 2020-5-12 15:01:48
