二、实施triple-H therapy标准,摘录Handbook of Neuroanesthesia( 4th Edition)的guidelines,仅供参考。
(1) Central venous pressure (CVP) of 10 mm Hg
Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) of 12 to 16 mm Hg
The vagal and diuretic response to intravascular volume augmentation may necessitate the administration of atropine, 1 mg intramuscularly (i.m.) every 3 to 4 hours.
Aqeous vasopressin (Pitressin), 5 units i.m., to reduce urine output to <200 mL/hour.
Hydrocortisone has also been used to attenuate the excessive natriuresis and consequent hyponatremia seen in patients after SAH and to prevent the decrease in total blood volume.
The use of albumin to augment intravascular volume after the administration of normal saline has failed to increase the CVP above 8 mm Hg may improve clinical outcome at 3 months and reduce hospital costs.
(2) Vasopressor drugs, including dopamine, dobutamine, and phenylephrine, may be necessary to increase blood pressure. If the aneurysm has not been secured, systolic pressure is maintained at 120 to 150 mm Hg. After the aneurysm has been secured, systolic blood pressure may be increased to 160 to 200 mm Hg. Invasive hemodynamic monitoring including the direct measurement of systemic arterial blood pressure, CVP, pulmonary artery pressure, PCWP, and cardiac output improves the safety and efficacy of treatment with induced hypertension.
(3)Relative hemodilution to a hematocrit of 30% to 35% promotes blood flow through the cerebral microvasculature.
—— Handbook of Neuroanesthesia( 4th Edition)P155