2007年的研究队列来源于ARDS Network系列临床研究,通过队列研究证实了S/F与P/F的线性对应关系,即S/F=64+0.84×(P/F)。该研究将两个RCT形成的队列,一个作为训练集,一个作为验证集。研究选择了SaO2>97%的数据,当PaO2达到非常高的指标之后,SpO2就会达到天花板效应,因此也无法观察到其相关性。研究选取了氧减曲线比较陡直的部分,二者具有线性关系。由于研究纳入的两个队列是从潮气量和PEEP研究衍生而来,研究者分别进行了验证,在不同FiO2条件下,S/F与P/F仍符合线性关系,但二者的线性关系受到PEEP水平的影响,但在低PEEP水平时相关性较好。在P/F≤300 mmHg或≤200 mmHg时,S/F的灵敏度和特异性均较高。所以研究者也提出,是否可以尝试采用这种无创的指标来代替既往的有创监测方法。该研究最终也在训练集上再次进行了验证,S/F与P/F具有对应关系,S/F为235和315,对应的P/F为200和300 mmHg,与急性肺损伤和ARDS的诊断和随访相关。2009年发表在Crit Care Med 杂志的一项研究证实SOFA评分和PEEP水平都会影响S/F与P/F的对应关系,但仍能维持较好的线性关系(取log后)。当P/F为300 mmHg时,S/F为370;P/F为200 mmHg时,S/F为240;诊断效能仍然比较理想,只是介值与既往研究略有不同。
2016年发表在Am J Respir Crit Care Med 杂志发表的研究(Kigali校正)选取的氧合诊断标准是S/F≤315且SpO2<97%,在1046例住院患者的中,42例(4%)符合Kigali版本ARDS定义,39%的ARDS患者入住ICU,死亡率为50%,而按照传统柏林定义则无人能被诊断为ARDS。由此可见,在经济不发达地区或血气不可获得的情况下,S/F可以替代P/F作为ARDS的诊断指标。
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