3. 开展外周神经阻滞镇痛从源头上阻断癌痛向中枢传导,神经阻滞既可采用单次法,也可采用置管连续法,已成为少阿片麻醉与镇痛的重要组成部分。邓硕曾与夏涵[12]指出,在神经阻滞的局麻药中加入右美托咪定50~60μg可使局麻药镇痛、感觉和运动阻滞的平均时间分别延长至约4.5、4和3 h ,因为右美托咪定能增强外周末梢Aδ和C神经纤维的抑制作用,因此比运动神经的阻滞强。Desai N等[13]主张,在局麻药中加入地塞米松,可抑制神经钾通道和神经传递兴奋性,减轻疼痛评分,减少吗啡用量,但静脉注射地塞米松的效果可能更好和安全。
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