壁层胸膜、肋间内膜、横突之间的空间即为目标注射位置。2014年国内专家共识中推荐[4]:定位时可向下移动探头,避开横突,在关节突与胸膜之间注射局部麻醉药,即使用下关节突水平横向平面内入路(Transverse in-plane approach at the level of the inferior articular process),这样药物扩散会更靠近椎间孔及交感神经的位置,对肾交感神经的阻滞更有效。从探头外侧进针,针的走行全程显示。
[1] Zhang D, Li S, Zhang Z, Li N, Yuan X, Jia Z, Yang J. Urinary stone composition analysis and clinical characterization of 1520 patients in central China. Sci Rep. 2021 Mar 19;11(1):6467. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-85723-3. PMID: 33742013.
[2]Shelley B, Macfie A. Where now for thoracic paravertebral blockade? Anaesthesia. 2012 Dec;67(12):1317-20. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.2012.07310.x. PMID: 23130723.
[3]Hu J, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Yu X, Wang S. Ultrasound-guided paravertebral nerve block anesthesia for percutaneous endoscopic laser unroofing treatment of symptomatic simple renal cysts-An innovative ambulatory surgery mode. Asian J Urol. 2024 Jan;11(1):65-71. doi: 10.1016/j.ajur.2021.11.009. Epub 2021 Nov 26. PMID: 38312820.[4]赵达强,朱晓岚,赵霖霖,等.喉罩全身麻醉复合超声引导下胸椎旁神经阻滞在乳腺癌根治术的麻醉及术后镇痛中的应用[J].上海医学,2011,34(06):424-427.[5]Karmakar MK, Pakpirom J, Sivakumar RK, Samy W. Ultrasound-guided thoracic paravertebral block using a transverse in-plane approach at the level of the inferior articular process: a retrospective review of complications. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2024 Oct 8;49(10):770-772. doi: 10.1136/rapm-2022-103983. PMID: 36599480.