注:本文参考2012年美国胸科医师协会(ACCP)围术期抗栓治疗管理临床实践指南、2013年美国神经病学会(AAN)缺血性脑血管病抗栓药物的应用指南、2014年ACC/AHA 非心脏手术围手术期心血管评估与治疗指南、2014年ESC/ESA 非心脏手术心血管疾病评估及防治指南。不同指南中推荐级别和证据水平表示方式不统一,具体内容详见指南原文:Perioperative Management ofAntithrombotic Therapy : Antithrombotic Therapy and Preventionof Thrombosis,9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-BasedClinical Practice Guidelines. Chest. 141(2)Supplement:e326S-e350S, February 2012.Evidence-based guideline: Periproceduralmanagement of antithrombotic medications in patients with ischemiccerebrovascular disease. Neurology.80(22):2065-2069, May 28, 2013.Perioperative beta blockade in noncardiac surgery: a systematicreview for the 2014 ACC/AHA guideline on perioperative cardiovascularevaluation and management of patients undergoing noncardiac surgery: a reportof the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force onPractice Guidelines. Circulation. 2014;130:2246–2264.2014 European Society of Cardiology/European Society ofAnaesthesiology guidelines on non-cardiac surgery: cardiovascular assessmentand management. A short explanatory statement from the European Society ofAnaesthesiology members who participated in the European Task Force. Eur JAnaesthesiol 2014; 31:513–516.