本帖最后由 taico 于 2014-3-17 19:05 编辑
近日看到大陆麻醉医师的工作处境,我感同身受。在台湾从事麻醉临床工作20年,其实台湾的麻醉执业条件也有自己的苦处。
我在此简单介绍台湾麻醉医师的养成模式,以及2个月前,台湾麻醉医学会前理事长何善台教授,在台湾医学会杂志发表有关台湾麻醉医师的执业状况,和媒体上的相关报导。也许透过这样的方式,比较容易在此论坛建立两岸有关麻醉医师过劳和工作处境的对话平台。
自1980年代开始,要在台湾选择麻醉医师作为一生的职业或志业,你得先在大学指考或联考中过关斩将,成绩名列TOP 5%,才有机会考上公立或私立大学的医学系。接着完成七年的医科教育,再通过及格率约7~8成的医师执照国家考试。
10年前的SARS事件让台湾专科医师培训制度出现一些变革,即取得医师执照的医师得先在有住院医师培训资格的三级或三甲级教学医院(即台湾的区域医院或医学中心)完成一年的PGY临床训练(毕业后一年临床训练),之后才能选择要接受那一专科的住院医师培训。然而,这时的考验才正要开始,因为我们得克服或说服家人放弃内、外、妇、儿、皮肤、耳鼻喉...等各科的诱惑,并且找到具有麻醉专科医师训练容额的三甲/医学中心(全台20余家大型医院每年争食30~40名的麻醉科住院医师训练名额)。
这些麻醉科住院医师得接受4~5年的专科训练,并再通过政府卫生主管机会委托台湾麻醉医学会办理的麻醉专科医师甄审,才能取得(五年期)的麻醉专科医师证照。这时候,台湾资浅麻醉专科医师的每月薪水才终于有2~4万人民币的行情。
至于所谓的五年期证照指的是,我们若要长期具备台湾麻醉专科医师的资格或荣耀,你得在接下来的五年,参加相关学会的继续教育或发表研究论文,以取得展延专科证照的基本学分数。否则,学会和卫生主管机关有权废止我们的专科执照-这意谓着,我们在医院所执行的麻醉业务,将无法向政府申请全民健保(相当于大陆的医保制度)麻醉给付。那么,医院经营者就会觉得你这位麻醉医师的薪水,可能不值那么多钱了。
接着下文是何善台教授的调查报告的英文摘要。
2014-1-27
麻醉科医师流失 外科崩盘危机
〔记者邱宜君/台北报导〕「内外妇儿急」五大科医师皆空问题,大众已耳熟能详,却少有人知还有个科别,每训练十人就流失一人,留下的有一半也在考虑离开,不然就是超量工作,这就是麻醉科。
麻醉专科医师、北荣副院长何善台忧心,麻醉人力的崩盘危机,将牵连所有外科科别运作及手术进行,是隐藏的炸弹。
警讯并非凭空喊话。何善台上月在台湾医学会期刊发表麻醉职场处境研究成果,根据卫福部专科医师与医师公会执业登记名单,由仍从事麻醉的七百七十七位医师中,收到四百七十四份回复,回收率约六成。
受访者七成小于五十岁,八成在区域级以上医院工作,半数具十年以上临床经验。他们理想工时平均每周五十小时,实际却将近六十小时;他们主张负责二至三间开刀房较安全,但实际上却大多须同时负责四间开刀房。
近五成五受访者表示,不愿再做麻醉,医疗纠纷高发生率、频繁超时工作、工作过量,是引发不满的三大原因。还有过半受访者认为薪资过低,四分之一无法兼顾家庭。
吃力不讨好 同时做太多事
据麻醉医学会资料,台湾麻醉死亡率是英、美、日的十二倍,高达十万分之十二。何善台说,台湾麻醉医师吃力不讨好,问题在于同时做太多事,给付只看麻醉方式,不管病人风险。
美国麻醉给付给第一台刀全额,同时的第二台打折,第三台不给付,所以医师最多同时只做两台,给付是论人计,不分麻醉方式,医师年薪约三十二万美元。
反观台湾健保给付低,半身麻醉一千五百元,全身麻醉三千八百多元,手术给付多采包裹式,为减少瓜分外科收入,通常以便宜者优先。
何善台感叹,麻醉医师数量还算够,但为维持约十二万美元年薪,每年至少得做一千五百例健保,外加一、两百例自费整型或无痛内视镜,工作量之大,连大型医学中心麻醉主任都离职了,建议除政府须建全给付制度,各大医院各科也应谋求改善之道。
卫福部︰人力已改善
卫生福利部医事司司长李伟强表示,已经努力进行麻醉科环境改善,引导从外科辅助科别成为独立科,并拥有许多自费业务,例如无痛分娩、无痛内视镜等。
过去两年内,麻醉科人力已渐改善,住院医师已可满额,工时比起其他科别不算特别长。
Factors associated with Taiwan anesthesiologists' intention to leave anesthesia practice☆
Ju-O Wang, Chung-Yi Li, Senyeong Kao, Te-Chun Yeh, James F. Arens, Shung-Tai Ho
Received 16 July 2013; received in revised form 11 November 2013; accepted 13 November 2013. published online 27 December 2013.
Background/purpose
Anesthesiologists in Taiwan had the heaviest workload compared with other Taiwanese specialists. In a previous study, anesthesia-related mortality was >12 times the rate reported in the USA, UK, and Japan. Nine percent of Taiwanese anesthesiologists left their jobs to work as general practitioners in clinics. This study aims to assess the current working conditions of anesthesiologists in Taiwan and their satisfaction with their occupation, and to identify the factors associated with the intentions of anesthesiologists in Taiwan to leave anesthesia practice.
Methods
A self-reported questionnaire was completed by 474 attending anesthesiologists in Taiwan. The Chi-square test was used for categorical variables and the t test for continuous variables. Multivariate logistic regression was conducted to identify the factors significantly associated with the willingness of anesthesiologists to continue in anesthesiology.
Results
The sample anesthesiologists worked 59.9 hours/week, however a reasonable length of time to work is 49.6 hours/week. They simultaneously covered four operating rooms daily, but three rooms is considered reasonable. Surprisingly, 54.9% of them expressed their unwillingness to practice clinical anesthesia. Those anesthesiologists dissatisfied with their overall working conditions had a substantially increased odds ratio (6.96) of deterring continuing to practice in anesthesia. Furthermore, an inability to take care of the family and a low salary significantly decreased the willingness to practice in anesthesia (odds ratio: 0.42 and 0.38, respectively).
Conclusion
Unfavorable working conditions were considered to lower the satisfaction of anesthesiologists in Taiwan. In particular, an inability to take care of the family and a low salary were major factors in deterring anesthesiologists in Taiwan from continuing in anesthesia.
Keywords: anesthesiologists, anesthetics, satisfaction and work factor, workload |