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1. General Anesthesia
1. 全身麻醉
Induction of General Anesthesia General anesthesia can be induced by giving drugs intravenously, by inhalation, or by a combination of both methods.
全身麻醉的诱导 经静脉、吸入或两种方式联合给药都能诱导全身麻醉。
A Rapid-Sequence Induction: Anesthesia is most commonly induced by the method of rapid-sequence induction, in which rapid administration of an ultra-short-acting barbiturate (e.g., thiopental) is followed by a depolarizing muscle relaxant (e.g., succinylcholine). This allows anesthesia to be induced within 30 seconds and the trachea to be intubated within 60-90 seconds. Oxygen is usually given by mask beforehand to allow maximum time for intubation while the patient is apneic. A non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking drug (e.g., vecuronium, atracurium, or pancuronium) can be substituted for succinylcholine, but the onset of paralysis is delayed by about 60 seconds.
A. 快速序贯诱导:诱导麻醉最常用的是快速序贯诱导方法,应用此法时先快速给予超短时作用的巴比妥(如硫贲妥钠),接着给去极化的肌肉松弛剂(如琥珀胆碱)。这样能在30秒钟内诱导麻醉,60-90秒钟内行气管插管。通常事先给予面罩吸氧,使患者在呼吸暂停的时间达最大限度,可用以插管。可以用非去极化的神经肌肉阻滞剂(如维可罗宁、卡肌宁或潘可罗宁)代替琥珀胆碱,但麻醉的出现将延迟60秒钟。
出处:医学全在线 |
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