An adrenergic drug, C9H13NO2, that is a powerful vasoconstrictor and is used to relieve nasal congestion, dilate the pupils, and maintain blood pressure during anesthesia.
肾上腺素一种肾上腺素的药剂，c9h13no2，它是一种很强的血管收缩剂，可用于麻醉过程中减轻鼻充血、扩大瞳孔和稳定血压。
“熵指数监测脑电信号用于全麻深度调控”的英文翻译为：
Entropy index monitoring to EEG for regulating and controlling to thedepth of general anesthesia 摘自《中国实用医刊》2012.第39卷第七期22页
Preoperative fluid and electrolyte management with oral rehydration therapy
术前经口服补充液体对病人液体和电介质的影响
肺泡气最低有效浓度
minimumalveolarconcentration，MAC
Contraction of blood vessels material local anesthesia the influence of the time
收缩血管物质对局部麻醉时间的影响
出处Guiynang Medial Hospital
先天性心脏病（congenital heart diseases)
紫绀型（cyanotic)比非紫绀型的危险性大。 左向右分流量(left to right shunts)大小不同。如分流小,风险不大，分流大+严重肺高压(pulmonary hypertension)可致心衰(CHF)。有右室流出道梗阻者，如F4可因恐惧、缺氧后致漏斗部痉挛→心停。
困难气道的定义是：具有五年以上临床麻醉经验的麻醉科医师在面罩通气时遇到了困难（上呼吸道梗阻），或气管插管时遇到了困难，或两者兼有的一种临床情况。
The definition of difficult spirit way is:Have for more than five years the clinical anaesthesia is empirical anaesthesia doctor Ke met a difficulty(up breath way block) when the mask ventilates, or the windpipe met a difficulty while putting a tube, or both and a kind of clinical circumstance for having.
困难气道的定义是：具有五年以上临床麻醉经验的麻醉科医师在面罩通气时遇到了困难（上呼吸道梗阻），或气管插管时遇到了困难，或两者兼有的一种临床情况。
The definition of difficult spirit way is:Have for more than five years the clinical anaesthesia is empirical anaesthesia doctor Ke met a difficulty(up breath way block) when the mask ventilates, or the windpipe met a difficulty while putting a tube, or both and a kind of clinical circumstance for having.
出处：中华医学会麻醉学分会《困难气道管理专家意见》
Both ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias have been identified as independent risk factors for coronary events in the perioperative period. They are likely to be significant because they reflect the presence of underlying serious cardiopulmonary disease, drug toxicity, or metabolic abnormality.
心室或心室上心律不整是圍術期發生冠心症的獨立危險因子，其重要性在于反映出潛在嚴重的心肺疾病，藥物毒性或代謝異常。
Anesthesia for the high risk patients, 2nd Edition, p.39
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