回复 1# shenxiu2
全身麻醉的应用 The application of general anesthesia
With the increase in the elderly population, more of the surgeries performed will be procedures required by elderly patients.
随着人口持续老龄化，老年人的手术量将大大增加
presents techniques
回复 1# shenxiu2
Times goes so quickly,光阴似箭
Despite careful assessment ,unexpected airway problem can occur .
即使经过小心的评估,预想不到的气道处理问题还是会发生.
Oxford handbook of anesthesia. page 872 , Management of the unexpected difficult airway.
气管插管误入食管
Esophageal intubation
原来呼吸功能正常，由各种突发原因引起严重肺通气和（或）换气功能障碍，以致在静息状态下亦不能维持足够的气体交换，导致低氧血症伴(或不伴)高碳酸血症，进而引起一系列病理生理改变和相应临床表现的综合征被称为急性呼吸衰竭。
The original respiratory function is normal, by all sorts of sudden causes severe pulmonary ventilation and (or) ventilation dysfunction, so that in the resting state also can't maintain enough gas exchange, leading to hypoxemia companion (or with) hypercapnia and cause a series of pathophysiological change and corresponding clinical manifestation of the syndrome is called acute respiratory failure.
Propofol anesthesia and rational opioid selection:determination of optimal EC50-EC95 propofol-opioid concentrations that assure adequate anesthesia and a rapid return of consciouseness.
异丙酚麻醉和理性的阿片样物质的选择:最佳的EC50-EC95异丙酚阿片药浓度决定，确保充分麻醉以及神智的快速苏醒。
出处：期刊： Anesthesiology 年，卷(期)： 1997, 87
Difficult airway generally refers to mask over the same period and direct laryngoscopy endotracheal intubation difficulties.
困难气道一般指面罩通气和直接喉镜下气管内插管困难。
The fundamental pharmacokinetic processes are dilution into volumes of distribution and clearance. These processes are governed by the physical properties of the drug and the metabolic capacity of the patient. Anesthetic drugs tend to be highly bound to protein in plasma and highly bound to lipid in peripheral tissues. Most anesthetic drugs are metabolized in the liver.
药代动力学的基本过程分为分配和清除量稀释。这些过程都受药物的物理特性和病人的代谢能力。麻醉药品往往是高度肯定的血浆蛋白和高度的约束外周组织的脂质。大多数麻醉药物在肝脏代谢。