A total of 932 children developed an LD before the age of 19 years. Compared with children not exposed to anesthesia, the risk of developing an LD was not increased for the 449 children exposed to a single anesthetic. However, the risk was significantly increased for children exposed to 2 or more doses of anesthesia.
共有932个小朋友在19岁以前出现了LD(Learning Disability:学习障碍/智障？)。与没有接受麻醉的同学比较，449个只接受1种麻醉药的同学出现智障（LD）的风险并没有增加。然而接受种两次或者更多剂量麻醉的同学出现智障的风险明显增高。
来源：http://www.xqnmz.com/viewthread.php?tid=11998&page=1#pid92796
本帖最后由 Matthew.wang 于 2010-1-31 09:41 编辑
Soure: http://www.xqnmz.com/thread-5863-1-1.html
What is anesthesia?
Anesthesia controls pain during surgery or other medical procedures. It includes using medicines, and sometimes close monitoring, to keep you comfortable. It can also help control breathing, blood pressure, blood flow, and heart rate and rhythm, when needed.
麻醉的目的是在手术或者其他一些医疗过程中管理/控制疼痛。包括通过用药和严格监护保证患者在手术过程中的舒适。同时麻醉也在需要的时候控制呼吸、血压、血流、心率和心律。
An anesthesiologist or a nurse anesthetist takes charge of your comfort and safety during surgery. This topic focuses on anesthesia care that you get from these specialists.
麻醉医师或者麻醉护士负责术中的舒适。本文的主要关注麻醉护理的换题
Anesthesia may be used to:
Relax you.
Block pain.
Make you sleepy or forgetful.
Make you unconscious for your surgery.
Other medicines also may be used to relax your muscles during surgery.
麻醉的目的包括：
放松(Relax)
止痛(Pain killing)
遗忘(Amnesia)
无知觉(unconscious)
在书中有时会使用一些药物放松肌肉。(Paralyis)
Surgical repair for UIAs does not impair cognition or CBF in patients without postoperative restrictions in
lifestyle.
对于术后在生活方式方面没有限制的病人，未破裂的颅内动脉瘤手术不会损害术后认知功能或血流量。
作者：Yasunari Otawara, MD
出处：Stroke
Ⅳ、压力支持通气（PSV）：病人自主呼吸的吸气力可触发呼吸机送气，并使气道压迅速上升到预设值，当吸气流速降低到一定程度时，则由吸气转为呼气。主要呼吸参数由病人控制，潮气量增加取决于预设压力值。可明显降低自主呼吸的呼吸作功。
Pressure Support Ventilation(PSV): The inspiratory force(or pressure ) of patient's spontenious respiration(Breathing) triggers ventilator to deliver gas, whichincreases airway pressure to preset limit rapidly. Respitory phase is transformed to expiratory phase when inspiratory flow velocity declines to some degree.
文章来源:龙牙麻醉论坛,原文地址:http://www.db120.cn/mz/read.php?tid=94
恳请斑竹斧正，有些翻译不合适
No one cases of anesthesia are large anesthesia, must be hundred percent serious. 没有小麻醉，对待每一例麻醉我们都必须倾尽全力。
静脉麻醉和吸入麻醉都是全麻的方法。Intravenous anesthesia and inhalation anesthesia are general anesthesia method。
麻醉前对患者的评估是必要的。The assessment of the patient before anesthesia is necessary.
插管前的必要步骤是先吸入纯氧。Intubation is a necessary step before the first inhalation of pure oxygen.
Chapter 1
History of Pediatric Cardiac Anesthesia
Carol L. Lake
INTRODUCTION
Congenital cardiac anomalies have been recognized for centuries. However, few or no treatments were available until the twentieth century. Most children with congenital heart disease (CHD) were consigned to a life of invalidism. Medical therapy consisted of rest and digoxin. The history of any type of heart surgery spans only 100 years.
第一章 小儿心脏麻醉历史
概述 人们对先心异常的认识已经有几个世纪了，但到20世纪才开始治疗，大多数CHD患儿不得不苟且偷生，医学治疗仅限于休息和服用地高辛，心脏外科的历史仅仅100年。
本帖最后由 shenxiu2 于 2010-2-1 09:38 编辑
78# 小根子
No one cases of anesthesia are large anesthesia, must be hundred percent serious. 没有小麻醉，对待每一例麻醉我们都必须倾尽全力。
------------No anesthesia is considered minor. Every caseof anesthesia isto be handled with our best effort.
静脉麻醉和吸入麻醉都是全麻的方法。Intravenous anesthesia and inhalation anesthesia are general anesthesia method。
------------Intravenous anesthesia and inhalational anesthesia are methods of general anesthesia 。
麻醉前对患者的评估是必要的。The assessment of the patient before anesthesia is necessary.这句子没错,只是以下的说法在英文语法会较通顺.
-------------------It is necessary/essentialto assess patients before anesthesia.
插管前的必要步骤是先吸入纯氧。Intubation is a necessary step before the first inhalation of pure oxygen.这句翻倒意思了.应该是:
------------------The essential step before intubation is to first inhale pure oxygen.
再接再厉!
麻醉的ABC
Always Be Cool! 保持冷静
Always Be Cocky! 保持自信
本帖最后由 shenxiu2 于 2010-2-1 09:48 编辑
Hetastarch co-loading is as effective as pre-loading for the prevention of hypotension after spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery.羟乙基淀粉同时负荷和预先负荷对预防剖宫产腰麻后低血压同样有效
出处：International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia (2009) 18, 150–155
请点击首帖(主题帖)的"领取奖励" 领取你的奖励。----参宿2
Patients with complex medical or surgical problems. The patient is often admitted several days before surgery and the anesthetist is actively involved in optimizing their condition prior to anesthesia and surgery.
病人有复杂的医学的或者外科的问题。在手术和麻醉前几天常常需要积极地改善病人的情况。
麻醉的ABC
Always Be Cool! 保持冷静
Always Be Cocky! 保持自信
发霉的面包 发表于 2010-1-31 20:13 http://www.xqnmz.com/images/common/back.gif
Cocky 是骄傲,是一种市井用语,是贬意词.
自信是confident.
Cool 也是市井用语.正式说法是 Be calm.
74# Matthew.wang
共有932个小朋友在19岁以前出现了LD(Learning Disability:学习障碍/智障？)。与没有接受麻醉的同学比较，449个只接受1种麻醉药的同学出现智障（LD）的风险并没有增加。然而接受种两次或者更多剂量麻醉的同学出现智障的风险明显增高。
来源：http://www.xqnmz.com/viewthread.php?tid=11998&page=1#pid92796
这儿指的不是一种或多种麻醉药,而是一次或多次麻醉.
LD 译成学习障碍比较好,因为智障可以有不同种类和程度的分别.这儿指的是学习方面而已.