intraoperatine management术中管理
Advisory for Postoperative Management. The consensus of
the Task Force is that a high-risk patient’s vision should be
assessed when the patient becomes alert (e.g., in the recovery
room, intensive care unit, or nursing floor). If there is concern
regarding potential visual loss, an urgent ophthalmologic consultation
should be obtained to determine its cause. Additional
management may include optimizing hemoglobin or hematocrit
values, hemodynamic status, and arterial oxygenation. To
rule out intracranial causes of visual loss, consider magnetic resonance
imaging. The Task Force believes that there is no role for
antiplatelet agents, steroids, or intraocular pressure-lowering
agents in the treatment of perioperative ION.
术后管理建议。特别小组一致认为，当高危患者自觉视觉异常时，应及时进行视力评估（如在恢复室、重症监护室或护理单元）。若考虑存在视觉缺失的潜在可能，应紧急请眼科会诊以明确原因。辅助处理措施包括优化血红蛋白或红细胞比容，稳定血流动力学状态及动脉血氧。同时，应用磁共振成像以排除颅内原因引起的视觉缺失。特别小组认为抗血小板药物，类固醇激素或降低眼内压药物对治疗围术期ION无效。
--------摘自Practice Advisory for Perioperative Visual Loss Associated with Spine Surgery: A Update Report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Perioperative Visual Loss. Anesthesiology. 2012 Feb;116(2):274-85.
Tachycardia
低血压
回复 1# shenxiu2
Jugular vein engorgement
呼吸音不对称
通过激动阿片受体产生强烈的镇痛作用，连续使用易产生耐受性和成瘾性的药物称为麻醉性镇痛药.
Through the excited opioid receptors produces strong analgesic action, continuous use easy generation tolerance and addiction drug called narcotics analgesics.
Morgan Clinical Anesthesiology摩根临床麻醉学
回复 1# shenxiu2
你好
hello
Hypoxemia
颈静脉怒张
It is essential to ask for assistance before anaesthetising patients who have been assessed as having potentially difficult airways.
术前评估存在潜在性困难气道的患者麻醉前寻求他人协助很有必要。
When immediate intubation is not required, the difficulty of intubation should first be assessed. This assessment is discussed in detail in the Preparation section,under Sedation and Paralysis.
当不需要紧急插管，则应该首先评估插管的难点，在下面的术前准备、镇静与麻醉章节中详细讨论评估。
The ratio of medial lethal dose (CD50) and median convulsant doses (LD50) is usually used to assess the comparative safety of local anesthetics
半数致惊厥剂量CD50和半数致死剂量LD50的比值通常用来比较麻醉药的安全性。
Median effective dose of sevoflurane for tracheal intubation in infants （ED50） 4.2%
婴幼儿单纯吸入七氟醚诱导时的半数有效量（ED50）为4.2%
转自《临床麻醉学》
The following adverse reactions have been reported to be associated with the use Of
UNIVENT TUbe(TCB Type)during the intubation procedure，the intubation period,or in
extubation procedure. The order of listing is alphabetical and does not indicate frequency
or severity：cartilage necrosis；consequences of failure to ventilate including damage to
the perichondrium；emphysema；excoriated membranes of pharynx：glottic edema；
infections；laryngeal obstruction；laryngeal stenosis；bronchitis；submucosal
hemorrhage；tracheorrhagia；tracheal stenosis；traumas(lips，pharynx，trachea，glottis,
and etc)
下面的在插管过程中、插管前，或者在拔管过程中有与UNIVENT管的使用有关的不良反应曾被报道过。这个清单的顺序是按照字母顺序排列的，与不良事件发生的频率或严重程度无关：软骨坏死；由于通气失败而导致的气管粘膜的损伤；肺气肿；咽部擦伤引起的疼痛；声门水肿；感染；喉梗阻（喉痉挛）；喉狭窄；支气管炎；粘膜下出血；气管出血；气管狭窄；创伤（嘴唇，咽，气管，声门等）。
出处： PHYCONUNIVENT@Tube(TCB Type)
PHYCONUNIVENT管（TCB型）说明书